Research on genetic genetic diversity and chemical composition of some coniferous species in the Central Highlands: prospect of finding highly bioactive substances in cancer treatment

18/02/2014

According to the survey results of Vietnamese botanists, there are 15 coniferous species in the Central Highlands, many of which are of high value. However, only the species of long-leaf red pine (Taxus wallichiana) has been studied relatively carefully, other species have never been studied on chemical and biological activity, in our country as well as in the world. While some species are at risk of extinction. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a strategy to exploit, conserve and sustainably develop the genetic diversity of coniferous species in the Central Highlands, and to detect and enhance the value of indigenous natural resources in the West. Original. In order to contribute to the realization of that common goal, scientists of Vietnam Museum of Nature implemented the topic TN3 / T15 "Study on genetic diversity of genetic resources and chemical composition of some coniferous species in West Nguyen, proposing solutions to conservation, use and sustainable development ”(implementation period from 11/2012 to 10/2015), with some main research contents as follows:

DNA analysis, determination of nucleotide sequence specific to 15 coniferous species in the Central Highlands;

Assessing the current status of the population structure, studying genetic diversity of genetic resources at the molecular level and determining the causes of the decline in diversity of 7 precious and rare needle species (belonging to Thong and Kim Giao families) , The Emperor and the Peak) are threatened with extinction in the Central Highlands;

Study on chemical composition and biological activity for 2 selected coniferous species (Peak pine and Pine tree);

Based on the results obtained, propose solutions to conservation, use, exploitation and sustainable development of these species in the Central Highlands; at the same time, building dry specimen sets for storage and display at the Vietnam Museum of Nature and the Museum of Nature in the Central Highlands.

In one year of project implementation (November 2012 - October 2013), the research team collected 1500 leaf / shell / root samples for DNA analysis of 15 coniferous species in the Central Highlands and conducted component analysis. chemistry of some species (Dinh Tung, Kim assigned mountain soil, Pine leaf flat ...). The results of bioactive screening were extracted from the leaves of the Peak (Cephalotaxus mannii) and the root bark of the Pinus krempfii Lecomte tree, showing:

For the pinnacle tree (Cephalotaxus mannii Hook.f.): From the Peak of leaves, 3 ancaloid compounds have been isolated (symbols are TN1, TN2 and TN3). In which TN3 has a high content (accounting for 0.04% compared to dry samples). From the top of the tree bark, there were 2 ancaloid isolated (symbol TN4 and TN5) clean with a high amount. In particular, TN4 has a high content (0.64% compared to dry samples), while leaves do not see this substance. TN5 accounted for 0.24% of the dry sample. Based on the spectral data, scientists have demonstrated that TN5 has a structure similar to TN3. Chemical structure of TN1 and TN2 are being determined.

For the pine tree (Pinus krempfii): from the root of the tree, the flattened pine leaves in Lam Dong have isolated and determined the structure of 6 flavonoids (in which, galangin was first isolated from this plant ). Test results showed that two galangin and cryptostrobin have toxic biological activity on two cancer cell lines: skin carcinoma (Epidermoid carcinoma-KB) and liver cancer (Hepatocellular carcinoma-HepG2). And only galangin has an antioxidant effect by scanning the free angle of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) of the reagent with a lethal threshold EC50 = 122.62 μg / ml.

T2.TINTA3.1
Pinnacle Tree (Nui Voi area, Duc Trong, Lam Dong)

T2.TINTA3.2
Pine chicken feathers (Chu Yang Sin National Park, Dak Lak)

The initial results are promising prospects in the search for new active ingredients with high biological activity from conifers in the Central Highlands to treat some incurable diseases, especially cancer. letter.

Tranlated by Mai Lan

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