Measures to save electricity energy in lighting and energy saving model in public lighting by Institute of Energy Science

Power used for lighting accounts for a surprisingly high percentage of electricity consumption. Over the past years, scientists have conducted research on solutions to reducing electrical usage by lighting equipment. Scientists from the Institute of Energy Science under Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology successfully tested source equipment models which automatically adjust optical communication in order to limit power consumption of public lighting equipments... Vietnam is on the way of economic rehabilitation and growth. Therefore, there is a high demand for power in the industrialization and modernization. According to the development plan of the electricity sector, all the seventh map, foundation measures in the 2011-2014 period, Vietnam has an additional charge growth of 14% per year. Facing serious unbalance in electricity demand and supply, measures to save electricity energy according to the Instruction No 19 of the Prime Minister and the Instruction No 10 of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, has been actively carried out nationwide. Power used for lighting accounts for a surprisingly high percentage of electricity consumption. According to current statistics, lighting consumes 20% of all electricity in developed countries in the world. This forces nations to propose solutions to reduce the electricity consumption of lighting equipment. Several countries with modern technology qualifications have designed energy-saving lighting equipment. However, high price and slow capital recovery caused low economic effectiveness, while technical problems and difficulty repairing the products created many difficulties. Still, it is essential to have more power efficient lighting systems. Measures to save electricity energy in lighting In recent years, in Vietnam, many measures to cut energy use by lighting equipment have been researched and applied, such as using high productivity light technology (fluorescent lamps T5 and T8; compact fluorescent lamps; LED lamps; OLED lamps; low or high pressure sodium lamps; metal halogen lamps; lamps without LVD electrode); and improving productivity of lamps (headlights and ballasts). Apart from applying high productivity lighting technology to save electricity, another problem is to reasonably use lighting to match actual demand. Especially, reducing lighting productivity during this period is a compulsory requirement of modern public lighting. To solve this problem, several basic solutions can be applied as following: • Using two-level productivity ballast to reduce consumption productivity of lamps at night when there is less demand. This solution is applied in designing street lamp projects and ensures stable voltage. This solution has advantages, permitting remote control, neat equipment and low waste. Its disadvantages are expensive installation, inability to adjust saving levels because of programme in advance, and expensive repair costs. • Using secondary ballast to engage the normal ballast to create a combination of ballasts with two productivity levels. This solution can be used when improving operating street lamp systems, which are ensured stable voltage. The advantage is low price. The disadvantage is expensive cost for repairing and inability to adjust saving levels. • Using two lamps with small productivity on a single pole. This simple solution is effectively economical. However, investment expenditure is high. • Using controlling cabinets to automatically cut off several lamps. This popular solution is being applied for street lights in Vietnam. It has an advantage of low equipment price. But it leaves some street sections dark which does not ensure traffic safety and lessens urban beauty. • Using source equipment to adjust automated optical communication according to demand. The advantage is that there is no condition when installing, especially in regions where voltage is not stable or is too high or too low; Lamp gives a stable light which is right with technical parameter of producers. A stable voltage supply increases the life of the lamp. The disadvantage is that price of equipment is higher than in the second solution. Researching and producing source equipment to adjust automated optical communication at the Institute of Energy Science Studying actual demand in Vietnam, scientists from the Institute of Energy Science under Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology realized that solutions suitable with price conditions in Vietnam will use source equipment to adjust automated optical communication. Now, using source equipment to adjust automated optical communication is considered an effective solution to save electricity energy for public lighting system in Vietnam. For source equipment to adjust automated optical communication, the adjustment of voltage can be used in different ways such as adjusting voltage by electronic techniques, by transformer according to the compensation principle, and by autoconnected transformer. In fact, street lamp channels with popular additional capacity under 75 KVA and less than 600m. Therefore, scientists from the Institute of Energy Science conducted a research and pilot equipment using merely autoconnected transformer. a) b) Diagram to adjust voltage by transformer according to the compensation principle a) and autoconnected transformer b) The equipment created and first tested in 2001 by the Institute of Energy Science is the type 5KVA – one phase for one kilometer of street lamps using Sodium 70W lamp in Phu Tho town and Quang Yen town in Quang Ninh province (in 2003 and 2004). The next is the type with capacity of 20-30KVA – three phases pilot in the central city of Hue in 2007, Hanoi in 2008 and the southern province of Long An in 2009. Technical features of this equipment permit the voltage stabilizer to automatically operate for lighting system, automatically turn on the lamp when it is dark and turn off when it is light, and automatically reduce the capacity from 20 to 40% at night at a set time. Especially when electricity is cut, the relay need not be reset. It can adjust the capacity according to requirement. Regulations to adjust the capacity slowly permit overcoming the phenomenon of turning off aged lamps with long life-span. In comparison with equipment of the same kind made in foreign countries (in the following table), domestically made equipment with bigger capacity is cheaper. In other words, with the same capacity, equipment made by the Institute of Energy Science is cheaper. In fact, the lighting system in districts and towns often has 250v night voltage. So using foreign equipment can meet more problems. When having problems, repairing foreign equipment meets more difficulty because of waiting for materials sent from foreign countries. Technical parameter Equipment by the Institute of Energy Science Foreign equipment Capacity 20 KVA 11 KVA Working voltage 175V-260 V 180 -240V Adjusting voltage 90 V 40 V Price Similar Similar Nowadays, equipment made by the Institute of Energy Science is complete in both technology and technical features, to meet the diversified demand of reality. The institute also created a friendly digital relay remote which is convenient for the change of activity time, especially suitable for equipment mounted in high positions. In the near future, the institute will continue to pilot equipment with high capacity in Luong Son industrial zone in Hoa Binh province and lighting system in Hai Phong city. Photo about installing equipment in localities: Installing equipment to adjust 60 KVA lumen in Luong Son industrial zone in Hoa Binh province Power used for lighting accounts for a surprisingly high percentage of electricity consumption. Over the past years, scientists have conducted research on solutions to reducing electrical usage by lighting equipment. Scientists from the Institute of Energy Science under Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology successfully tested source equipment models which automatically adjust optical communication in order to limit power consumption of public lighting equipments...