In this study, we will i) study the fabrication of nanoporous FM/X/FM multilayer films (FM =[Co/Pd] with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at room temperature; X = NM (Pd , Cu, Ru), AFM (IrMn, FeMn)); ii) clarify the physical principles and mechanisms of magnetic interactions; iii) find a way to control magnetic interactions and spin-dependent electron transport in these multilayer films by using different X spacer’s materials and thicknesses as well as by changing the porous structural parameters towards practical applications for the next-generation spintronics devices.

Research:
- Successfully fabricating the flat and porous [Co/Pd]/X/[Co/Pd] films (X = NM, AFM; NM = Cu, Pd; AFM = IrMn, FeMn) using AAO nanoporous templates with different pore diameter dp and interpore distance dip (dp ~ 20-80 nm; dip ~ 60-280 nm).
- Measuring, investigating and analyzing magnetic interaction mechanisms in the developed [Co/Pd]/X/[Co/Pd] multilayered thin films at different temperatures (4-300 K) and the influence of X spacer’s materials and thicknesses based on magnetic measurements. M(H), HC(T) of the flat and porous films show that the mechanisms of interlayer exchange interaction in the systems with an AFM spacer (IrMn, FeMn) are more complicated than that of the systems with a NM spacer due to contribution of near-field exchange interaction mechanisms at the FM/AFM interfaces together with the RKKY interaction originates from the spin polarization of conduction electrons. In systems with a highly polarized metal such as Pd (induced polarization is easily obtained when Pd is in contact with a magnetic metal), there is an additional contribution from the proximity effects, the proximity-induced polarization of Pd atoms influences or even potentially enhances interlayer coupling. Besides, the formation of nanopores in these films leads to a significant increase in ferromagnetic interactions between the FM layers due to the influence of the alloying of layers at the pore edges and the inhomogeneity of FM layers’ thickness due to the depositing films on the rough surface of the porous templates.. 
- Measuring, investigating and analyzing the dependence of resistance on the magnetic field MR(H) of the developed [Co/Pd]/X/[Co/Pd] multilayer films at different temperatures (4-300 K). The results show that the flat film with Pd or Cu spacer, the main magnetoresistance mechanism is GMR while the porous film with Pd spacer, the magnetoresistance mechanism has additional contributions from MMR (high field region) and AMR (low field region). In the case of porous film with X = Pd, there is also a significant contribution of the DMR mechanism in the low field region due to the influence of electron scattering on the domain walls. For flat film with AFM spacer (IrMn and FeMn), the magnetoresistance mechanism is competition between MMR and LMR at high fields leading to an increase in MR as the magnetic field increases, along with competition between DMR and GMR at low-fields leads to triangular-shaped MR peaks. The porous films with X=AFM, the DMR mechanism is not as obvious as in the porous film with X=Pd due to the dominant contribution of MMR, GMR.
- The results show that the magnetic interactions, exchange interaction types as well as the MR mechanisms in the [Co/Pd]/X/[Co/Pd] films can be modulated by changing the X spacer’s materials (paramagnetic, antiferromagnetic...) and its thicknesses, or by changing the structural parameters (pore size, interface roughness, interpore distance or pore density...). This can implications for both basic and applied research toward designing the SAF structure for spintronic applications.
- The results on [Co/Pd]/X/[Co/Pd] nanoporous films show that small pore size dp ≤ 20 nm is considered suitable for practical applications in spin valves and spintronic devices because it introduces the addition of the magnetic pinning points (at the pore edge) to the films which helps to significantly improve the magnetic anisotropy of the film (increased HC) while magnetoresistance behaviors (MR ratio, flat MR peaks) of the porous film are still maintained as in the flat film.
Application
Successful fabricating of FM/X/FM nanostructured films (FM =[Co/Pd]; X = NM (Pd, Cu, Ru), AFM (IrMn, FeMn)) using high-density AAO nanoporous templates on a large area without using traditional photolithography (which requires a complex, time-consuming technological process along with expensive equipment) is a technological breakthrough which opens the new approach for magnetic nanostructure fabrication and study. Clarifying the influence of spacer materials and thicknes on magnetic and transport properties of the developed films helps to find ways to control magnetic interaction and spin-dependent electron transport mechanisms in these multilayers toward the practical applications for the nexg generation of spintronic devices. The porous films with small pore sizes dp ≤ 20 nm have the potential for application in high-density magnetic recording devices, ultra-sensitive field sensors, etc.
Education and Tranining
This research provides a solid knowledge base on nanomaterials, magnetic materials and devices not only for participated students in their graduation theses but also expanding the scope and experience of research for participated members in the research topic.

Cooperation

The success of this research is strengthening international cooperative relationships. Following the success of this project, the two groups continued to propose and had received approval for a new joint bilateral project in the period 2025-2026 with code QTBY01.07/25-26.

- This research project provides a simple, reliable technological solution for the research and manufacture of low-dimensional nanostructures in general and magnetic nanostructures in particular, contributing to adding a new research direction, topical in technology and highly applicable. Help building momentum for the development of research and manufacturing of nano-sized magnetic devices and their applications, which are still almost left open in Vietnam to catch up with other countries in the region and the world.
- The project's success in clarifying physical principles and finding ways to control the magnetic interaction and spin-dependent electron transport mechanisms in the [Co/Pd]/X/[Co/Pd] films will attract the attention of the scientific community and technology companies because of their great applicability in the field of spintronics, especially in developing spintronic devices that operate without the need for an external magnetic field.
-  Research contributes to higher education and enhances international rankings in scientific and national publications.

- Publications:
01 ISI paper was published in IEEE Trans. Magn: W.-B Wu, J. Kasiuk, J. Przewoźnik, C. Kapusta, I. Svito, K. Tung Do, T. Huong Nguyen, H. Manh Dinh, J. Åkerman, and T.N Anh Nguyen*, “Fundamentally Different Magnetoresistance Mechanisms in Related Co/Pd and Co/Pt Multilayers for Spintronic Applications”, Mater. Trans. 64(9), 2124-2127 (2023)
01 paper was published in ANSN: J. Kasiuk, L. Khoroshko, A. Baglov, K.T. Do, T.H. Nguyen, H.K. Vu, D.V. Zhyhulin, T.N. Anh Nguyen*, “Highly ordered porous templates for fabrication of multilayered nanostructures with perendicularal magnetic anisotropy”, Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 16, 015010 (2025)
01 paper was published in TNU: N.T.N. Anh*, P.Q. Ngan, D.K. Tung, N.T. Huong, V.H. Ky, N.T.V. Ha, P.T.T. Hang, D.H. Manh, “Effects of Cu spacer thickness on the interlayer exchange coupling and magnetic properties of spin valve with perpendicular anisotropy based on [Co/Pd] multilayered thin films”, TNU Journal of Science and Technology, Thai Nguyen University, T. 229, S. 10, 449-455 (2024)
02 papers were published in conference proceedings: 
- T.N. Anh Nguyen*, J. Kasiuk, W.-B. Wu, J. Przewoźnik, C. Kapusta, I. Svito, K.T. Do, T.H. Nguyen, Q.N. Pham, H.K. Vu, J. Åkerman, “Interlayer coupling and giant magnetoresistance in a symmetric spin-valve structure based on perpendicularly anisotropic [Co/Pd] multilayers”, IWNA2023 Conference proceeding paper, Pages 383-386, 2023
- J. Kasiuk, W.-B. Wu, J. Przewoźnik, Cz. Kapusta, I. Svito, K.T. Do, T.H. Nguyen, D.T. Tran, H.M. Do, J. Åkerman, T.N. Anh Nguyen, “Interlayer coupling and magnetoresistance mechanisms in thin [Co/Pd]/X/[Co/Pd] multilayered films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy”, IWAMSN2024 Conference proceeding paper, Pages 96-99, 2024
09 presentations at the international and national conferences:
- W.-B Wu, T.N Anh Nguyen, J. Kasiuk, J. Przewoźnik, Cz. Kapusta, I. Svito, K. Tung Do, T. Huong Nguyen, H. Manh Dinh and J. Åkerman“Fundamentally Different Magnetoresistance Mechanisms in Related Co/Pd and Co/Pt Multilayers for Spintronic Applications”, FMS2022, Phu Quoc, Vietnam, Nov 21-23, 2022 (POSTER-MM-P28)
- T. N. Anh Nguyen*, Q. N. Pham, D. K. Tung, T. H. Nguyen, H. N. Pham, T. Wanatabe, M. Goto, M. Fukumoto, H. Tomita, and Y. Suzuki, J. Åkerman, J. Fedotova, J. Kasiuk, “Tunable magnetic anisotropy in thin films and applications”, VAST-OU Joint Campus Programmes: The 6th IMS-INSD Joint Workshop on Frontier Nanomaterials “Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry", IMS, Hanoi, Vietnam, May 22, 2023 (ORAL)
- V.C. Giap, T.D. Nguyen, K.H. Bui, Q.H. Phung, V.H. Dam, H.M. Dinh, K.T. Do, T.H. Nguyen, T.N. Anh Nguyen*, “Tuning Independently the Exchange Bias and Coercivity in Top-pinned and Bottom-pinned Co/Pd Multilayers by FeMn or IrMn Film” (Điều biến một cách độc lập trường trao đổi dịch và trường khử từ trong các màng đa lớp Co/Pd ghim bởi màng mỏng FeMn hoặc IrMn với cấu trúc ghim trên và ghim dưới), SPMS2023, ĐHSPKT-HCM, HCM, Vietnam, Nov 5-7, 2023 (POSTER)
- T.N. Anh Nguyen*, J. Kasiuk, W.-B. Wu, J. Przewoźnik, C. Kapusta, I. Svito, K.T. Do, T.H. Nguyen, Q.N. Pham, H.K. Vu, J. Åkerman, “Interlayer coupling and giant magnetoresistance in magnetically correlated [Co/Pd]/Pd/[Co/Pd] multilayered films with a spin-valve structure based on symmetric perpendicularly anisotropic magnetic layers”, The 8th International Workshop on Nanotechnology and Application (IWNA 2023), 8th - 11th Nov. 2023, Phan Thiet, Vietnam (POSTER)
- Phạm Thị Thúy Hằng, Nguyễn Thị Việt Hà, Đinh Hùng Mạnh, Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Anh, “Ảnh hưởng của nhiệt độ lên tính chất từ và từ trở trong các cấu trúc van spin đơn giản với dị hướng từ vuông góc dựa trên các màng đa lớp”, Hội nghị sinh viên NCKH, Khoa Vật lý, ĐHSPHN (NCKH 24-35, POSTER), Hà Nội 17/4/2024 (Giải khuyến khích SVNCKH)
- Nguyễn Thị Việt Hà, Đinh Hùng Mạnh, Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Anh, “Ảnh hưởng của chiều dày lớp ngăn cách Cu lên tính chất từ và từ trở trong cấu trúc van spin đơn giản với dị hướng từ vuông góc dựa trên các màng đa lớp [Co/Pd]”, Hội nghị sinh viên NCKH, Khoa Vật lý, ĐHSPHN (NCKH24-36, POSTER), Hà Nội 17/4/2024 (Giải khuyến khích SVNCKH)
- J. Kasiuk, W.-B. Wu, J. Przewoźnik, Cz. Kapusta, I. Svito, K.T. Do, T.H. Nguyen, D.T. Tran, H.M. Do, J. Åkerman, T.N. Anh Nguyen*, “Interlayer exchange coupling and magnetoresistance in [Co/Pd]/X/[Co/Pd] multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy”, IWAMSN2024, 22-25 Sept 2024 - Da Nang, Vietnam (INVITED-NMD-I15)
- J. Kasiuk, V.C. Giap, W.-B. Wu, J. Przewoźnik, Cz. Kapusta, D.T. Tran, H.M. Do, J. Åkerman, T.N. Anh Nguyen*, “The role of magnetic ordering of the IrMn/[Co/Pd]5 and [Co/Pd]5/IrMn multilayers in the magnetization reversal and coercivity”, IWAMSN2024, 22-25 Sept 2024 - Da Nang, Vietnam (POSTER-NMD-P21)
- J. Kasiuk, L. Khoroshko, A. Baglov, K.T. Do, T.H. Nguyen, H.K. Vu, D.V. Zhyhulin, T.N. Anh Nguyen*, “Highly ordered porous templates for fabrication of multilayered nanostructures with perendicularal magnetic anisotropy”, IWAMSN2024, 22-25 Sept 2024 - Da Nang, Vietnam (POSTER-NMD-P23)
- Other products: Training 03 Bachelors who successfully defended their graduation thesis, including: 01 Bachelor who defended his thesis in 2023 with a score of 9.9/10 along with the Second Prize of Scientific Research Students in 2023; 02 branches defended their thesis in 2023 with a score of 9.9/10 along with 02 Consolation prizes for Scientific Research Students in 2024.