Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology

Project's information

Project's title	Research and development of advanced materials and coating technologies for civilian and defense applications
Project’s code	TĐVLTT00/21-23
Research hosting institution	Institute for Tropical Technology
Project leader’s name	Prof. Dr. Tran Dai Lam
Project duration	01/01/2021 - 31/12/2023
Project’s budget	42,000 million VND
Classify	Grade A
Goal and objectives of the project	• Develop materials, apply tropical techniques, new material technologies, and green technologies in the creation of advanced coatings for civil and defense applications. • Promote scientific research and development of advanced, high-efficiency technologies focusing on the application of new material technologies and green technologies in practical implementations, contributing to enhancing economic efficiency and national defense security. Specific objectives: • Successfully create the following advanced coatings: o Advanced coatings based on polymers and composites to protect against microbial corrosion and fouling for metallic materials operating in marine environments. o Sun-reflective, waterproof, and weather-resistant coatings for weapon storage facilities, fuel tanks, and civil constructions. o Environmentally friendly organic coatings using modified nano-sized particles combined with electrochemical protection methods to protect steel structures working in marine and atmospheric environments. o Advanced inorganic coatings for both civil and defense applications.
Main results	Scientific contributions a. Research and Development of Antifouling Coating Systems: - In-situ synthesis of various nano-additives used for antifouling paint systems, such as ZnO, Cu₂O, ZrO₂, TiO₂, and zeolite@Ag, was conducted with surfactants including TOPO, OLA, and OA. The nano-additives have a particle size ≤ 50 nm and are relatively uniform. The coupling efficiency of organic functional groups on the surface exceeds 90%, with an organic content of about 5-25%. The nano-additives remain well-dispersed and stable in organic solvents even after 12 months. - The composition and proportions of the primer, intermediate paint, and topcoat for the anti-biofouling and antifouling paint system used on steel structures operating in seawater have been determined: + Organically modified ZnO nanoparticles exhibit good compatibility with the epoxy resin matrix, enhancing the mechanical properties and anti-corrosion protection of the primer film. The primer and primer film meet the technical requirements of TCVN 8789:2011. + Organically modified TiO₂ and ZrO₂ nanoparticles exhibit good compatibility with the base resin, enhancing the properties of the intermediate paint film. The intermediate paint and intermediate paint film meet the technical requirements of TCVN 8789:2011. The intermediate paint also improves compatibility and adhesion between the primer and topcoat. + Combining an Ag-Zn zeolite additive at a concentration of 1% by weight relative to the mass of the plastic with a nano Cu₂O additive at a concentration of 2% by weight relative to the mass of the plastic enhances the antibacterial properties and the ability to prevent biofilm formation of the coating film. - Three technological processes have been developed and successfully used to produce paints on a scale of 100 kg per batch: an epoxy primer modified with nano ZnO, an epoxy intermediate paint modified with nano TiO₂ and nano ZrO₂, and a polysiloxane, vinyl ester, and fluorinated polymer basecoat reinforced with nano TiO₂ and nano ZrO₂ particles. These coatings incorporate commercial antibacterial additives (Irraguard B, Iragol, Rocima) and nano Cu₂O antifouling additives, all meeting the quality requirements specified in TCVN 8789:2011. Subsequently, 100 kg each of primer, intermediate paint, and topcoat were produced to evaluate their characteristics, properties, and performance in natural seawater. - Laboratory test results indicate that the paint system with polysiloxane and vinyl ester resin coatings effectively resists biofilm adhesion, killing over 95% of the marine bacteria P. stutzeri B27 and sulfate-reducing marine bacteria. After 60 days of testing in natural seawater at Vung Oan, Ha Long City, Quang Ninh Province, the concentrations of Cu⁺ ions released from the coating of the 3-layer paint system were 0.122 mg/L for polysiloxane, 0.247 mg/L for vinyl ester, and 0.020 mg/L for polyfluor coatings. Salt spray and UV-humidity tests demonstrate that the 3-layer paint systems with vinyl ester and polysiloxane coatings exhibit greater durability against salt mist and UV-humidity exposure compared to the 3-layer paint system with fluorinated polymer coatings. - The results of natural testing of 3-layer paint systems on a double-bottom steel-hulled ship model in Vung Oan, Ha Long City, Quang Ninh Province showed that the 3-layer paint systems with vinyl ester and polysiloxane coatings exhibited low levels of biofouling, with minimal or no fouling, and had an antifouling effectiveness lasting over 18 months (up to the end of December 2023), which is better than the 3-layer paint systems with fluorinated polymer coatings. The 3-layer paint systems with vinyl ester resin coatings, demonstrating antifouling effectiveness for up to 21 months (until the end of March 2024), show promise as marine paints with potential for extended antifouling performance. b. Research and Development of Solar Heat Reflective, Waterproof, and Highly Weather-Resistant Coatings - A variety of additives have been synthesized for heat-reflective, waterproof, and weather-resistant coating systems, including nano additives such as BaSO₄, TiO₂, ZrO₂, CaSiO₃, CaCO₃, CaSO₄, and nanocarriers like SiO₂@Ce³⁺, Fe₂O₃@Ce³⁺, ZnO@Ce³⁺, CeO₂-SiO₂, CeO₂-Fe₂O₃, and CeO₂-Fe₂O₃-SiO₂. The results indicate that the size of these additives ranges from 15 to 40 nm, with fairly uniform particles and an organic content of approximately 5-25%. Phase transitions have been successfully achieved using methods such as ligand exchange, amphiphilic polymer usage, or silanization reactions to modify the surface of the additives for compatibility with water-based paints. - Successfully manufactured a heat-reflective, weather-resistant exterior wall paint system for construction projects, designed for wall surfaces and reinforced concrete, based on acrylic emulsion resin and incorporating micro- and nano-sized heat-reflective inorganic particles: + The composition and proportion of SiO₂ nanoparticles in the alkali-resistant primer have been determined. With an inclusion of approximately 2.5% by mass of SiO₂ nanoparticles, the alkali resistance of the primer film has been significantly increased. + The composition and proportion of the coating components were determined. Results of the evaluation of micro- and nano-sized heat-reflecting inorganic additives (hollow microspheres, TiO₂, BaSO₄, ZrO₂, CaSiO₃) on UV-Vis-NIR reflectivity indicated that nano-TiO₂ is the most effective heat-reflecting additive. The optimal content of nano-TiO₂ in the paint film is 2%. At this concentration, a paint film with a thickness of 60 µm achieves an average reflectivity of approximately 90-91% in the wavelength range λ = 700-1400 nm. + The optimal tinting content for solar heat reflective paint film has been determined. AXX yellow tinting achieves high reflectivity of over 80%. Other tinting colors can be mixed into the heat reflective paint at a mass ratio of 10-20% relative to the mass of white paint, while still maintaining a reflectivity of over 80%. + The heat-reflective, weather-resistant exterior wall paint system can reduce the concrete surface temperature by approximately 9.5°C with white color and by 7-8°C with other colors. It also lowers the air temperature in the simulation test chamber by about 4.5°C with white color and by 3-3.7°C with other colors, compared to the unpainted test chamber. - A roof waterproofing paint system with heat-reflective and high-weather-resistance properties has been successfully manufactured. This system, including both primer and topcoat, is based on water-based polyurethane resin and incorporates micro- and nano-sized heat-reflective inorganic particles. Research results demonstrate that the paint film provides excellent waterproofing. A 60 µm thick paint film achieves an average reflectance of approximately 90-91% in the λ = 700-1400 nm range, reduces surface temperature by 9.12°C, and lowers the air temperature in the test chamber by 4.21°C compared to the test chamber without paint. - Successfully manufactured an organic solvent-based paint system that offers anti-corrosion protection, heat reflection, and high weather resistance. This system includes both primer and topcoat and features heat-reflective inorganic particle additives: + The effect of nanocarrier@Ce³⁺ particles on the properties and corrosion resistance of epoxy-based primer films was evaluated. The results indicated that the paint film containing 1.5% SiO₂ particles modified with Ce³⁺ exhibited the best properties and highest corrosion resistance. After 30 days of immersion in NaCl solution, the total resistance of the paint film remained high, at 2.108 Ω·cm-². + The composition of the polyurethane-based coating was determined. The coating film had a thickness of 60 µm and a reflectivity of 90.16% in the region λ = 700-1400 nm. + The organic solvent paint system offers anti-corrosion protection, heat reflection, and high weather resistance. It can reduce surface temperatures by up to 19.31°C and air temperatures in the test tank by 15.75°C. - The weather resistance of the paint films was determined by an accelerated weathering test. The results showed that after 1560 hours of testing, FE-SEM analysis revealed that although the paint film surface was eroded, forming micro-grooves, these defects could not be observed by the naked eye. The paint film containing nanoparticles exhibited chalking at level 2. The reflectance decreased slightly by about 2%. The color reduced the heat reflectance and cooling efficiency but slightly increased the weather resistance. The addition of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles to the coating formulation significantly improved the paint’s properties, including reflectance, cooling insulation performance, and weather resistance. c. Research and development of environmentally organic coatings - Synthetized and modified several nanocomposites as CNT, nanoclay, nanocly/metallic oxide, GO and SiO2-polypyrrole as pigment in anticorrrosion protective coatings. The results obtained when CT3 steel substrate immersed in the electrolyte solution containing GO-PPy showed that the current corrosion density was decreased and the corrsion potential was deplaced towards more positive. The PU coating containing SiO2@Ce3+ nanoparticles showed a good resistance against UV while SiO2/Ppy nanocomposites help to increase the corrosion resistance of epoxy coating.ong khi nanocompozit SiO2/PPy có tác dụng làm tăng độ bền chống ăn mòn cho màng epoxy. - 08 nanocomposites were selectively developed (based on No.1 component, commercial nanoproducts and self-synthetized nanopigments) in order to research the reinforcement effect in epoxy and polyurethane resins. The results showed that the anticorrosion properties, the adhesion behavior and the resistance against cathodic disbondment of epoxy coating were significantly increased in the presence of experimental nanopigments. The UV resistance, the water resistance of nanopartilces -based PU coatings were also reinforced. The optimal content of nanopigments in organic coatings varied from 0,1 – 3 % (depending on the type of nanoparticles). - Researched and manufactured various epoxy primers and PU-top coatings by selected the optimal ratio of 08 nanocomposites (in the presence of other fillers and additives). According to international standards (ASTM-B117, ISO 12944, ASTM-G8-96, ISO 20340…), 04 nanocomposite-based paint systems were evaluated that presented the excellent and superior physical and mechanical properties, anticorrosion properties, UV weather resistance, resistance against cathodic disbondment compared to several commercial well-known paints in Vietnam. - Selected to build 04 processes for manufacturing 02 types of primer coatings, 02 types of paint coatings that are resistant to cathodic peeling and marine atmosphere, and at the same time researched and promulgated 04 basic standards for the above paints based on based on international standards. Registered 01 intellectual property on synthesizing nanoparticles based on CePO4 and manufacturing anti-corrosion and cathodic peeling protective paint. d. Research and development of advanced inorganic coatings - Nano-sized particles of SiO2, Al2O3, CeO2, and a CeO2-TiO2 hybrid have been successfully manufactured for inorganic coatings. The results show that these nano additives have an average particle size of 50-100 nm and a large specific surface area, making them suitable for incorporation into inorganic coatings. - The appropriate solution composition for the single-layer ZnNi alloy plating has been selected: KCl 170-230 g/l, NiCl2: 40 - 80 g/l, ZnCl2: 60 - 100 g/l. The resulting coating has a suitable alloy composition (10 - 15% Ni). - The appropriate plating regime has been determined: pH 2-5, temperature 20-35oC, current density 1-5 A/dm2, plating time 20-40 minutes to produce plating layers with good quality, high protection and anti-corrosion ability for steel substrates. - SiO2 nanoparticles, Al2O3 nanoparticles, and CeO2 nanoparticles have been dispersed into the plating solution, the particle size distribution has been investigated, the zeta potential has been measured in plating solutions containing nanoparticles. SiO2 nanoparticles, Al2O3 nanoparticles, and CeO2 nanoparticles have beeb successfully introduced into the coating layer. The influence of the concentration of SiO2 nanoparticles, Al2O3 nanoparticles, and CeO2 nanoparticles on the coating morphology, Tafel polarization curve, open circuit potential, and coating composition has been studied. SiO2 nanoparticles were selected for use in the ZnNi-composite alloy plating solution. - The solution for making conversion coatings on the ZnNi plating layer based on Cr(III) has beeb prepared with the mass ratio of NH4HF2/Cr(III) from 2/5 to 4/5, the appropriate pH is in the range of 1.75-2.25. Salt spray test results for conversion coated samples were achieved over 312 hours (until white rust appeared). - The (ZnNi)n and (ZnNi-nanosilica)n multilayer coatings have been fabricated with n = 1 and n = 3, and the thickness of each layer in the multilayer coating combinations has been determined. - The influence of air-compressed pressure and distance from the nozzle to the sample surface on the surface roughness of the steel substrate has been studied, and a mathematical equation has been built to show the relationship between surface roughness Rz and air-compressed pressure P and abrasive spray distance L: Rz = -10.32 + 9.607P – 0.0456L with reliability of 96.33%. - The optimal mode for abrasive blasting to create roughness on the steel surface is found: air air-compressed pressure is 8 bar, and an abrasive blasting distance is 100 mm. - The influence of electric current intensity, compressed air pressure, and spray distance on the porosity and adhesion of the coating has been studied. A mathematical equation to show the relationship between the porosity of the Al-Mg coating and the technological parameters as electric current, compressed air pressure, and spray distance has been developed: Porosity = 18.116 – 0.008033* I – 1.5717P + 0.0022L with reliability of 98.92%. A mathematical equation was built to show the relationship between the adhesion of the Al-Mg coating with the technological parameters as electric current, compressed air pressure, and spray distance: Adhesion = -1.53 + 0.01775I + 2.710P + 0.00267L with reliability of 97.25%. - The optimal electric arc spraying mode has been found to produce an Al-Mg coating with low porosity and high adhesion: current intensity is 300 A, compressed air pressure is 5.5 bar and spray distance is 163 mm. The cross-sectional structure, elemental composition, phase composition, porosity, microhardness, and adhesion strength of the coatings were studied. - The protection and corrosion resistance of Al-Mg coatings were studied using electrochemical methods and salt spray tests. Al-Mg coating achieves salt spray durability of > 3000 hours, and corrosion resistance in dry-wet cycles reaches > 110 days. - 01 dry-wet cyclic corrosion testing system and 01 dynamic corrosion-abrasion testing system have been successfully researched and manufactured. - The effect of nano SiO2 and nano Al2O3 content on the properties of Al-Mg/epoxy-nanocomposite coating has been researched and the nano content and type for a good quality coating of 1% nano Al2O3 was selected. - The anti-corrosion protection ability of Al-Mg/epoxy-nanocomposite coating has been researched using electrochemical methods and salt spray testing. Al-Mg/epoxy-nanocomposite coating achieves salt spray durability > 6000 hours and dynamic abrasion corrosion resistance > 2700 hours. - Exposure to marine atmosphere of Al-Mg and Al-Mg/epoxy-nanocomposite coating systems has been exposed at Nha Trang and Quang Ninh test stations. After 12 months, the coatings still have good protection for steel substrates. - Electrode sensors have been successfully manufactured using 3D printing technology, using graphene-based ink and some conductive metal nanoparticles such as AuNPs, AgNPs, and CuNPs. Two-electrode resistance measurement systems with IC 555 and IC LM393 have been successfully developed to provide early warning of corrosion events, especially in highly corrosive tropical and marine environments. Test results for total resistance measurement in humid and corrosive gas environments show that Ag material sensors with serrated electrode structures are ideal for designing and manufacturing humidity sensors that determine water film formation by measuring total resistance. Application contributions:* - Three antifouling paint systems were tested and applied on a double-bottomed ship model under seawater conditions at Vung Oan, Ha Long City, Quang Ninh Province. The 3-layer paint system, which includes polysiloxane and vinyl ester coating, demonstrated antifouling capabilities for more than 18 months. - Heat-reflective exterior wall paint systems, heat-reflective roof waterproofing paint systems, and organic solvent paint systems for corrosion protection, heat reflection, and high weather resistance have been successfully manufactured. These products have been practically tested on various surfaces: 1000 m² of building exterior surface, 200 m² of roof area, and 1435 m² of oil tank surface. The effects include a reduction in the building exterior surface temperature by over 9°C, a tank surface temperature reduction of 9-19°C, and a decrease in the temperature inside the tank by more than 9°C. - Conducted natural test painting of samples and on steel structure works working in marine environment and marine atmosphere. The exposed surface area is about 120m2 of iron and steel components of the test buoy of the Joint Vietnam-Russia Tropical Science and Technology Research Center in the Hon Tre Island area - Nha Trang (Vinh Nguyen, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa). These buoys work in seawater splashing conditions and are subject to harsh climates, with cathodic protection. After 09 month of natural exposed, the protective coatings still work well, do not show any trace of corrosion, damage (verified by application confirmation document). The second test was about 200 m2 of steel structures for 08 microwave antenna towers working in marine climate conditions on Truong Sa Island. The coating layers of these projects have so far been evaluated well by the coordinating unit. The coating layers of these projects have so far been evaluated well by the coordinating unit. - Experimental fabrication of coating systems: Zn/TĐ Cr(III); Zn-nanosilica/TĐ Cr(III); (ZnNi)n; (ZnNi-nanosilica)3/TĐ Cr(III); (ZnNi)3/Zn-nanosilica/TĐ Cr(III) with sizes 100x150x1mm and 100x50x1mm were conducted and these samples were exposed for natural testing at Quang Ninh and Nha Trang stations. The results after 20 months showed that the samples had not been rusted red. - A total of 100 m2 of coatings on the hull of the steel ship Vietship 02 (registration number SG.6766) was fabricated, including 50 m2 of Al-Mg alloy coating and 50 m2 of Al-Mg/epoxy-nanocomposite coating ensuring quality according to the issued basic standards. After 15 months of operation at sea, the hull with thermal coatings remained intact and undamaged. Meanwhile, the hull without thermal coatings had areas of red rust.
Novelty and actuality and scientific meaningfulness of the results	- Some nano additives have been successfully synthesized in-situ using surface-active agents such as TOPO, OLA, OA. These nano additives have particle sizes ≤ 50 nm and relatively uniform distribution. The grafting efficiency of organic functional groups on the surface is > 90% with an organic content ranging from 5-25%. These nano additives disperse well and remain stable in organic solvents, even after 12 months. - Successful phase transfer of some nano additives has been achieved using methods like ligand exchange, amphiphilic polymers, or silanization to tailor their surface properties for water-based or solvent-based paints. - Electrode sensors have been successfully fabricated using 3D printing technology, incorporating ink based on graphene and various conductive nanoparticles such as AuNPs, AgNPs, and CuNPs. Two-electrode resistance measurement systems with IC 555 and IC LM393 circuits have been developed, and automatic resistance measuring devices have been successfully manufactured for early corrosion detection, particularly in humid tropical and highly corrosive marine environments. - Nano ZnO, nano TiO2, and nano ZrO2 particles, after organic modification with silane grafting compounds and organic titanate at appropriate concentrations, are effective reinforcing additives for primers and intermediate paints based on epoxy resin, polysiloxane, and vinyl ester. These additives meet the property and quality requirements specified in TCVN 8789:2011. - The combination of Ag-Zn/zeolite and nano Cu₂O additives creates a synergistic effect that provides anti-biofilm, anti-marine bacteria, and anti-fouling properties for polysiloxane and vinyl ester resin coatings in the 3-layer paint system. - The 3-layer paint system with a topcoat based on vinyl ester resin and polysiloxane provides antifouling protection for over 18 months. It is highly suitable for ships and steel-hulled transport vehicles operating in seawater environments. - Using nano-TiO₂ particles as an additive in the paint film at an appropriate concentration of 2% results in a coating with a thickness of 60 µm and an average reflectance of about 90-91% in the region of λ = 700-1400 nm. The paint film containing 2% nano-TiO₂ exhibits excellent cooling and heat resistance properties. - Using TiO₂ and SiO₂ nanoparticles in coating formulations has significantly enhanced their properties, including reflectivity, cooling insulation performance, and weather resistance. - Incorporating nanocarrier particles carrying the corrosion inhibitor Ce³⁺ into the formulation of a highly weather-resistant, solar heat-reflective anti-corrosion protective primer has enhanced the anti-corrosion protection of the paint layer. - The component has used nano-research additives to create an anti-corrosion protective paint that can withstand peeling under cathodic protection current and has been used to protect against corrosion for works and iron and steel structures in marine or underground environments by international standards. Through the process of implementing project, the researchers, graduate students, and Ph.D. students have also grasped nano paint manufacturing technologies; and; applied and evaluated paints in the field of combined anti-corrosion. Cathodic protection has been a new field in Vietnam, thereby helping to supplement human resources in this field. + The technology of manufacturing multi-layer plating systems based on zinc and zinc-nickel alloy (use environmentally friendly KCl base baths) was successfully manufactured and mastered with 02 technological processes for manufacturing multi-layer coating systems (ZnNi -nanosilica)3/TD Cr(III); Technological process for manufacturing multilayer (ZnNi)n/Zn-nanocomposite/TĐ Cr(III) coating system that operates reliably on a semi-industrial scale for civil and defense applications. + The technology of manufacturing highly durable coatings from Al-Mg alloy was successfully manufactured and mastered using the electric arc spraying method with two processes: "Technological process of manufacturing Al-Mg alloy coatings by electric arc spraying method" and "Technological process for manufacturing Al-Mg/epoxy-nanocomposite coating".
Products of the project	Published/accepted scientific papers: - Papers in international journals ( SCIE/SCOPUS) 1. Tien Viet Vu, Mohammad Tabish, Sehrish Ibrahim, Mai Hương Pham Thi, The Huu Nguyen, Cuong Bui Van, Lan Pham Thi, Dai Lam Tran, Tuan Anh Nguyen and Ghula Yasin, “Water-based acrylic polymer/ZnO-Ag nanocomposite coating for antibacterial application”, Surface Review and Letters, 2022, 2250109 (17 pages), DOI: 10.1142/S0218625X22501098 (SCIE, IF = 1.15) 2. Quang Bac Nguyen, Ngoc Chuc Pham, Thi Ha Chi Nguyen, Trung Dung Doan, Thi Lim Duong, Ngo Nghia Pham, Vu Ngoc Mai Nguyen, Van Hoang Cao, Dai Lam Tran and Ngoc Nhiem Dao., “Porous nonhierarchical CeO2-SiO2 nanocomposites for improving the ultraviolet resistance capacity of polyurethane coatings”, Mater. Res. Express 2021, 8 056405. (SCIE, IF = 2.0) 3. Chuc Ngoc Pham, Quyen Van Trinh, Thai Van Dang, Nhiem Ngoc Dao, Bac Quang Nguyen, Dung Trung Doan, Hung Bao Le, Vinh Van Nguyen, Lim Thi Duong, and Lam Dai Tran., “Synthesis of CeO2-Fe2O3 Mixed Oxides for Low-Temperature Carbon Monoxide Oxidation”, Adsorption Science & Technology, 2022, Article ID 5945169, 12 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5945169 (SCIE, IF = 2.9) 4. Xuan Minh Vu, Thi Lan Pham, Thi My Hanh Le, Thi Thu Hoai Pham, Chi Mai Nguyen, Dai Lam Tran., “Obtaining new materials based on a combination of synthetic zeolites and silver nanoparticles”, ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2023, 66 (3), 5965. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20236603.6722. (SCOPUS, citescore = 1.2) 5. Thi Lan Pham, Thi Ngoan Nguyen, Van Cuong Bui, Anh Son Nguyen, Trong Hien Dao, Thi Thuy Nguyen, Thi My Hanh Le, Minh Ngoc Nguyen, Phuong Lan Vu, Dai Lam Tran., “Synthesis and characterization of Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles for application in fabrics”. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.], 2024, 67(1), 128-135, DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20246701.6962 (SCOPUS, citescore = 1.2) 6. Thuy Chinh Nguyen, Phi Hung Dao, Quoc Trung Vu, Anh Hiep Nguyen, Xuan Thai Nguyen, Thi Ngoc Lien Ly, Thi Kim Ngan Tran, Hoang Thai, “Assessment of characteristics and weather stability of acrylic coating containing surface modified zirconia nanoparticles”, Progress in Organic Coatings 163 (2022) 106675 (SCIE, IF = 6.2). 7. Phi Hung Dao, Anh Hiep Nguyen, Thanh Thuy Tran, Thuy Chinh Nguyen, Thi Thu Trang Nguyen, Xuan Thai Nguyen, Thi Mai Tran, An Quan Vo, Huu Nghi Do, Minh Quan Pham, Ngoc Nhiem Dao, Ngoc Tan Nguyen, Hoang Nghia Trinh, Hoang Thai, “Characteristics, antibacterial activity, and antibiofilm performance of a polysiloxane coating filled with organically modified Cu2O”, J. Coat. Technol. Res. (2023) (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-023-00789-0) (SCIE, IF = 2.34). 8. Thai Xuan Nguyen, Chinh Thuy Nguyen, Lien Thi Ngoc Ly, Hung Phi Dao, Hiep Anh Nguyen, Dung Tran Hoang, Quyen Thi Cam Ngo, Hoang Thai, “Mechanical properties and weather stability of a novel nanocomposite coating based on fluoroethylene/vinyl ether copolymer and organically modified zirconium dioxide nanoparticles”, Polym Eng Sci. 2023;1–13 (DOI: 10.1002/pen.26433) (SCIE, IF = 2.57). 9. Dao Phi Hung, Nguyen Thuy Chinh, Nguyen Anh Hiep, Nguyen Xuan Thai, Ly Thi Ngoc Lien, Dao Huu Toan, Hoang Thi Huong Giang, Thai Hoang, “Effect of zirconia nanoparticles modified silane coupling agent on some properties epoxy coating”, Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 60 (4) (2022) 664-674 (Scopus) 10. Nguyen Xuan Thai, Nguyen Thuy Chinh, Vo An Quan, Dao Phi Hung, Nguyen Anh Hiep, Hoang Tran Dung, Hoang Dinh Khanh, Thai Hoang, “Assessment of marine antifouling property of fluoropolymer nanocomposite coating on steel substrate - A preliminary assay in laboratory”, Vietnam J. Chem., 2023, 61(S3), 28-35 (Scopus). 11. Hoang Thi Huong Thuy, Hoang Thu Ha, Nguyen Thien Vuong, and Tuan Anh Nguyen, “The Alkaline Resistance of Waterborne Acrylic Polymer/SiO2 Nanocomposite Coatings”, Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, Volume 2022, Article ID 8266576, 7 pages (SCIE, IF = 2.6). 12. Thien Vuong Nguyen, Phi Hung Dao, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Van Phuc Mac, Truc Vy Do, Thi My Linh Dang, Minh Nguyet Ha, Hoang Nghia Trinh, Dai Lam Tran, Tri Phuong Nguyen, “Effects of nano-TiO2 and nano-SiO2 particles on the reflectance and weathering durability of solar heat reflectance coating”, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 442 (2023), 114752 (SCIE, IF = 4.778). 13. Nguyen The Huu, Dam Thi Tam, Do Truc Vy, Nguyen Tuan Anh, Le Trong Lu, Tran Dai Lam, Nguyen Thien Vuong, “Effect of silane-modified SiO2@Ce3+ nanoparticles on the mechanical property and anti-corrosion for steel of the epoxy coating”, Vietnam Journal of Chemistry, 2023, 61(S3), 109-115 (Scopus). 14. Vuong Thiên Nguyen, Truc Vy Do, Phi Hung Dao, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Dai Lam Tran, “Curing process, mechanical property and thermal stability of acrylic polyurethane/Fe2O3 nanocomposite coatings” Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology (Chấp nhận đăng vào ngày 05/12/2022) (Scopus). 15. Thu Thuy Pham, Thuy Duong Nguyen, Anh Son Nguyen, Thi Thao Nguyen, Maurice Gonon, Alice Belfiore, Yoann Paint, Thi Xuan Hang To, Marie-Georges Olivier, “Role of Al and Mg alloying elements on corrosion behavior of zinc alloy-coated steel substrates in 0.1M NaCl solution”, Materials and Corrosion 2023, 1-17. (SCIE, IF = 1.96) 16. Thu Thuy Pham, Thuy Duong Nguyen, Anh Son Nguyen, Maurice Gonon, Alice Belfiore, Yoann Paint, Thi Xuan Hang To, Marie-Georges Olivier, “Influence of solution pH on the structure formation and protection properties of ZnAlCe hydrotalcites layers on hot-dip galvanized steel”, Surface & Coatings Technology, 472 (2023) 129918. (SCIE, IF = 5.4) 17. Thuy Duong Nguyen, Thu Thuy Pham, Anh Son Nguyen, Ke Oanh Vu, Gia Vu Pham, To Thi Xuan Hang, “Inhibitory effect of benzoate-intercalated hydrotalcite with Ce3+-loaded clay on carbon steel”, Corrosion Science and Technology, 22 (1) 2023, 1-9. (SCOPUS, citescore = 1.2) 18. Thu Thuy Thai, Dieu Thao Nguyen, Thi Thao Nguyen, Gia Vu Pham, Hoan Nguyen Xuan, Anh Truc Trinh, “Reinforcement of magnetite-montmorillonite on the cathodic delamination of epoxy-based organic coating”, Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology, 2023 Accepted. (SCOPUS) 19. Ha Pham Thi, Tuan Nguyen Van, Quy Le Thu, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Ly Pham Thi, Phuong Nguyen Thi, Thuy Dao Bich, Cuong Ly Quoc, and Thanh Le Duc, “Influence of Electric Arc Spraying Parameters on the Porosity and Adhesion Strength of Al-Mg Alloy Coating, AMAS 2021”, Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, pp. 655-659, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99666-6_94 (Scopus) 20. Tuan Van Nguyen, Thanh Duc Le, Quy Thu Le, Ha Thi Pham, Anh Tuan Nguyen, Ly Thi Pham, Thuy Bich Dao, Cuong Quoc Ly, “Characterization and Corrosion Resistance of the Twin-Wire Arc Spray Al-5Mg Alloy Coating Applied on a Carbon Steel Substrate”, Journal Of Thermal Spray Technology (2023), https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-023-01677-0 (SCIE, IF = 3.1) 21. Ha Pham Thi, Tuan Nguyen Van, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Ly Pham Thi, Cuong Ly Quoc, Thuy Dao Bich, Quan Vo An, “Study of corrosion behavior of arc thermal sprayed Al-Mg alloy coating”, Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 61 (3) (2023) 405-414, doi:10.15625/2525-2518/16768 (SCOPUS). 22. Thanh Le Duc, Ha Pham Thi, Tuan Nguyen Van, Quy Le Thu, Ly Pham Thi, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Cuong Ly Quoc, Thuy Dao Bich, “Study on microstructure, mechanical and wear resistance properties of arc sprayed Al-Mg alloy coating”, Vietnam J. Chem., 2023, 61(S3), 77-83 (SCOPUS) 23. Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong, Le Ba Thang, Le Duc Bao, Truong Minh Hieu, Truong Thi Nam, Pham Thi Thu Giang, Uong Van Vy, “Studying the influence of current density and solution pH on corrosion properties of obtained Zn-nano SiO2 electroplating layers”, Vietnam J. Chem., 2023, 61(S3), 65-70 (SCOPUS) 24. Truong Thi Nam, Le Ba Thang, Le Duc Bao, Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong, Uong van Vy, Le Thao Ly, “Effects of current density to the component layer of zinc nickel alloy plating and characteristics of passive chromium 3+ film on the Zn-Ni alloys deposits”, Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology (SCOPUS – accepted). - Published/accepted scientific papers in national journals: 1. Nguyen Vu Ngoc Mai, Le Bao Hung, Pham Ngoc Chuc, Duong Thi Lim and Dao Ngoc Nhiem, Nguyen Quang Bac, Tran Dai Lam., “A comparative study on the photodegradation of methyl orange, methylene blue using Fe2O3, Mn2O3, and Fe2O3–Mn2O3 nanomaterials”, Vietnam Journal of Catalysis and Adsorption, 2022, 11 (3), 59-63. 2. Nguyen Quang Bac, Nguyen Thi Ha Chi, Doan Trung Dung, Pham Ngoc Chuc, Duong Thi Lim, Dao Ngoc Nhiem, Tran Dai Lam., “Mechanical and weather resistance improvement of polyurethane thin films embedded with nanocomposites CeO2-SiO2”, Vietnam Journal of Catalysis and Adsorption, 2021, 1, 173-179. 3. Nguyễn Thị Thơm, Đinh Thị Mai Thanh, Phạm Thị Năm, Nguyễn Thu Phương, Lại Thị Hoan. “Phát triển compzit trên cơ sở polymer dẫn kết hợp với nano silica ứng dụng trong lớp phủ bảo vệ chống ăn mòn cho thép cacbon”, Tạp chí phân tích Hóa, Lý và Sinh học, 2021, 26(3B), 180-186. 4. Le Thi My Hanh, Vu Xuan Minh, Pham Thi Lan, Nguyen Tuan Dung, Nguyen Thi Phuong Lan, Tran Dai Lam., “Nghiên cứu so sánh xử lý oxy hóa điện hóa chất thải hữu cơ trong nước thải mặn bằng điện cực Graphite và Ti/RuO2”, Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ- Trường Đại học Kinh tế - Kỹ thuật công nghiệp, 2023, 29-38. 5. Trần Nguyễn Phương Lan, Nguyễn Thanh Tỷ, Mai Thị Thu Sương, Trần Thị Bích Quyên, Nguyễn Minh Nhựt, Cao Lưu Ngọc Hạnh, Lê Phan Hưng, Phạm Thị Năm, “Tổng hợp và đặc trưng của vật liệu hydroxyapatite từ xương heo bằng phương pháp thủy nhiệt”, Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ Việt Nam, 2023 (Chấp nhận đăng). 6. Khoi Nguyen Dang, Van Cuong Bui, Hai Khoa Le, Pham Thi Lan, Dai Lam Tran, “Research on the synthesis of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles for anti-bacterial exterior and interior wall paints”, Communications in Physics, 2023, 33(4), 457-470. https://doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/18643 7. Xuan Thai Nguyen, Phi Hung Dao, Thuy Chinh Nguyen, Anh Hiep Nguyen, Minh Quan Pham, Huu Nghi Do, Cong Thung Do, Van Quan Nguyen, Hoang Thai, “Assessing the Antifouling Effectiveness of the Novel Organic Coating for Adherent Species in the Seawater of coastal area of Ha Long City, Quang Ninh Province (Vietnam)”, Vietnam Journal of Marine Science and Technology (Được chấp nhận đăng ngày 08/08/2023) (VAST2). 8. Thuy Duong Nguyen, Thu Thuy Pham, Ke Oanh Vu, Thi Xuan Hang To, Trinh Lan Phuong, Xuan Thang Dam, Minh Quy Bui, Anh Son Nguyen, “Evaluation of the hydrophobic and barrier properties of the polyurethane coatings covered by stearic acid thin layer”, Communications in Physics, 33 (4) (2023) 447-455. 9. Phạm Đức Linh, Trịnh Anh Trúc, Thái Thu Thủy, Vũ Kế Oánh, Nguyễn Thùy Dương, Phạm Thu Thùy, Đàm Xuân Thắng, Phạm Gia Vũ, “Relationship between corrosion protection and cathodic disbondment resistance of the epoxy-zinc phosphate coating”, Journal of Materials and Construction13 (3) 2023, 33-38. 10. Phạm Gia Vũ, Vũ Kế Oánh, Thái Thu Thủy, Nguyễn Thị Thảo, Phạm Đức Linh, Đàm Xuân Thắng, Phạm Gia Khánh, “Research on polyurethane coating containing nano graphene corrosion resistance for carbon steel”, Journal of Science and Technology - Hanoi University of Industry, 2023. 11. Le Duc Thanh, Nguyen Thi Hai Van, Ha Pham Thi, Trinh Quang Hung, “Experimental investigation of surface roughness of ct3 steel on adhesion strength of arc spray Al-Mg alloy coating”, The University of Danang - Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 21, No.12.1, 2023. Intellectual Property: Patents: 1. Tran Dai Lam, Dao Ngoc Nhiem, Nguyen Quang Bac, Pham Thi Lan, Pham Ngoc Chuc, Vu Xuan Minh, Nguyen Thi Ha Chi, Nguyen Trung Kien, Le Thi My Hanh, Trubitsyn Mikhail Alexandrovich., “Methods for Synthesizing Nano CaCO3 Materials.” Patent Application No. 2023110004, granted on April 19, 2023, registered in the State Register of Inventions of the Russian Federation on October 26, 2023.. 2. Do Truc Vy, Nguyen Thien Vuong, Le Trong Lu, Ngo Thanh Dung, Dao Phi Hung, Tran Dai Lam, Vu Quoc Trung. “Process for synthesizing hydrophobic antibacterial ZnO-Ag hybrid nanoparticles.” The application for registration was accepted according to decision no 16379w/QĐ-SHTT, dated Sep. 23, 2022 by the National Office of Intellectual Property. 3. Le Trong Lu, Le Thi Thanh Tam, Tran Dai Lam, Ngo Thanh Dung, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Linh, Nguyen Thien Vuong, Do Truc Vy, Le The Tam, Doan Thanh Tung, Pham Thi Lan, Nguyen Thi Thuy Duong, Hoang Tran Dung. “Process for phase transition of inorganic nanoparticles used as additives for solvent-based paints”. The application for registration was accepted according to decision no 19663w/QĐ-SHTT, dated Apr. 12, 2023 by the National Office of Intellectual Property. 4. Nguyen Thien Vuong, Tran Dai Lam, Trinh Van Thanh, Dao Phi Hung, Mac Van Phuc, Nguyen Anh Hiep, Do Minh Thanh, Do Truc Vy, Dang Thi My Linh, Nguyen Tuan Anh, Le Trong Lu, Nguyen Ngoc Linh, Dang Viet Hung. “Solar reflective paint with high weather resistance”, The application for registration was accepted according to decision no 16377w/QĐ-SHTT, dated Sep. 23, 2023 by the National Office of Intellectual Property. 5. Nguyen Thien Vuong, Dao Phi Hung, Mac Van Phuc, Nguyen Anh Hiep, Do Minh Thanh, Trinh Van Thanh, Do Truc Vy, Tran Dai Lam, Nguyen Cong Thanh, Dang Viet Hung, Duong Khanh Linh, Vu Quoc Trung. “Process for producing solar reflective paint with high weather resistance”, The application for registration was accepted according to decision no 16378w/QĐ-SHTT, dated Sep. 23, 2023 by the National Office of Intellectual Property. 6. Nguyen Van Tuan, Le Thu Quy, Dao Bich Thuy, Ly Quoc Cuong, Pham Thi Ha, Pham Thi Ly, Nguyen Thi Phuong, Nguyen Tuan Anh "Process for manufacturing aluminum magnesium alloy coating containing nano aluminum oxide to protect carbon steel against corrosion and carbon steel with anti-corrosion coating is created by this process". The application for registration was accepted according to decision no 7263W/QĐ-SHTT, dated April 29, 2022 by the National Office of Intellectual Property. 7. Pham Gia Vu, Trinh Anh Truc, Tran Dai Lam, Vu Ke Oanh, Nguyen Thuy Duong, Le The Tam, Thai Thu Thuy, Pham Duc Linh, Nguyen Anh Son, Trinh Lan Phuong, Nguyen Hoa Du. “Method for fabricating nanocomposite xeriphosphate epoxy coatings resistant to cathodic protection processes” The application for registration was accepted according to decision no 21806w/QĐ-SHTT 19 Dec 2022 by the National Office of Intellectual Property. 8. Thai Hoang, Nguyen Thuy Chinh, Nguyen Anh Hiep, Dao Phi Hung, Trinh Van Thanh, Tran Huu Trung, Tran Thi Mai, Hoang Tran Dung, Dinh Thi My Binh. “Siloxane-hybrid epoxy paint system and method for producing this paint system” The application for registration was accepted according to decision no 14779w/QĐ-SHTT, dated Sep. 24, 2021 by the National Office of Intellectual Property. Utility solution: 1. Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong, Le Ba Thang, Le Duc Bao, Uong Van Vy, Truong Thi Nam "Process for manufacturing three-layer zinc-niken coating from kcl-based plating solutions on carbon steel substrate". The application for registration was accepted according to decision no 78926/QĐ-SHTT, dated October 9, 2023 by the National Office of Intellectual Property. Applied products: + 05 liters of antibacterial, anti-microbial and antifouling nano additives surface functionalized with silane or titanate + 10 liters of solar heat-reflecting, waterproof and weather-resistant nano additives that have been surface functionalized with some carboxylic acids or oleylamine or phosphates + 7 liters of anti-corrosion nano additives that have been functionalized with amines or benzoic acid derivatives or irgacor or benzotriazole + 2 kg of nano additives for inorganic coatings + 50 impedance probe electrodes + 03 corrosion measuring sensor components under the coating + 01 Automatic resistance measuring device + 100 kg of primer is designed for use on steel structures operating in seawater environments. + 100 kg of intermediate paint is intended for use on steel structures operating in seawater environments. + 100 kg of coating paint is intended for use on steel structures operating in seawater environments. + 500 kg of heat-reflecting, weather-resistant exterior wall paint system was provided, of which 460 kg has been applied to 1000 m² in Liem Chinh Ward, Phu Ly City, Ha Nam Province. + 100 kg of heat-reflective, highly weather-resistant roof waterproofing paint system was provided, of which 80 kg has been applied to 200 m² in Liem Chinh Ward, Phu Ly City, Ha Nam Province. + 620 kg of anti-corrosion, heat-reflecting, and highly weather-resistant paint system, covering 1435 m², was applied to Tank T4 at Cai Lan Petroleum Joint Stock Company and Warehouse 101 at the Logistics Department, Ministry of Defense. + 30 kg anticorrosion modified-nanoclay- based epoxy primer applied for carbon steel structures working in marine environments (no cathodic protection). + 30 kg anticorrosion modified-nano metal oxide- based epoxy primer applied for carbon steel structures working under sea water of soil. (included/non included cathodic protection) + 20 kg UV weather resistance modified-GO- based PU coating for carbon steel structures working in marine environments. + 20 kg UV weather resistance modified-nano metal oxide- based PU coating for carbon steel structures working in marine environments and under seawater. + 200 m2 painted structure working in marine environment and marine atmosphere with cathodic protection. + 10m2 natural test painting of 03 samples immersed in marine environment coupled cathodic protection. + 100 m2 of multilayer (ZnNi-nanocomposite)n/TĐ Cr(III) coating on mechanical parts. + 100 m2 of multilayer (ZnNi)n/Zn-nanocomposite/TĐ Cr(III) plating on mechanical parts. + 50 m2 of Al-Mg alloy coating applied to protect steel structures working in marine environments against corrosion. + 50 m2 of Al-Mg/epoxy-nanocomposite coating applied to protect steel structures working in marine environments against corrosion. Other products: + 01 Technological process for manufacturing high concentration TiO2 nano solution. + 01 Technological process for in-situ synthesis of liquid nano ZrO2 with some organic agents + Technological process for manufacturing surface-functionalized ZnO nano, in liquid form with high concentration + Technological process for manufacturing SiO2 nano silica additive with some organic agents + Technological process for manufacturing CeO2-SiO2 hybrid system in high concentration liquid form + Technological process of manufacturing nanoclay with some organic agents. + 01 Technological process for primer for steel structures operating in seawater environments on a scale of 100 kg per batch. + 01 Technological process for intermediate coating for steel structures operating in seawater environments on a scale of 100 kg per batch. + 01 Technological process for topcoat for steel structures operating in seawater environments on a scale of 100 kg per batch. + 01 Construction process for applying one coat of paint to steel structures operating in seawater environments. + 01 Construction process for applying paint systen (03 layers’ coat) to steel structures operating in seawater environments. + 01 Technological process for heat-reflective, weather-resistant exterior wall paint system with a capacity of 200 kg per batch. + 01 Technological process for waterproof, weather-resistant exterior wall paint system with a capacity of 200 kg per batch. + 01 Technological process for organic solvent paint system with anti-corrosion protection, heat reflection, and high weather resistance, with a capacity of 200 kg per batch. + 01 Technological processes for manufacturing anticorrosion modified-nanoclay- based epoxy primer. + 01 Technological processes for manufacturing anticorrosion modified-nano metal oxide- based epoxy primer. + 01 Technological processes for manufacturing UV weather resistance modified-GO- based PU coating. + 01 Technological processes for manufacturing UV weather resistance modified -nano metal oxide- based PU coating. + 01 Technological process for manufacturing multi-layer coating system (ZnNi- nanocomposite)n/TĐ Cr(III); + 01 Technological process for manufacturing multilayer coating system (ZnNi)n/Zn-nanocomposite/TĐ Cr(III); + 01 Technological process of manufacturing Al-Mg alloy coating by electric arc spraying method; + 01 Technological process for manufacturing Al-Mg/epoxy-nanocomposite coating by electric arc spraying method + Technical standard for determining nano ZnO content. + Technical standard for determining nano Cu2O content. + Technical standards for determining quality of nano ZnO particles + Technical standards for determining quality of nano Cu2O particles. + 03 Basic standards for technical requirements and corresponding test methods for primers, intermediate paints, and topcoats in paint systems for steel structures operating in seawater environments. + 03 Basic standards for technical requirements and corresponding test methods for heat-reflective, highly weather-resistant paint systems. + 04 basic standards for manufacturing primer coatings and top-coat applied for steel substrates working in seawater environments/ marine atmosphere. + 02 basic standards on Multilayer plating system (ZnNi-nanocomposite)n/TĐ Cr(III) and Multilayer plating system (ZnNi)n/Zn-nanocomposite/TĐ Cr(III). + 02 basic standards on technical requirements and testing methods of aluminum-magnesium alloy coatings and aluminum-magnesium coatings combined with epoxy-nanocomposite. + 01 Report on the results of experimental paint applications on military and civilian constructions. + 01 Report comparing the thermal reflection efficiency of synthesized nano additives in component 1 with commercial nano additives. + Training 08 PhD students (01 PhD student has been awarded a doctorate, 01 PhD student has been approved for defense at the VAST, 02 PhD students have been approved for defense at the institutional level, and 04 PhD students are conducting their thesis according to the project's content) and 04 master’s students (successfully defensed).
Research region	- Cai Lan Petroleum Joint Stock Company (Gieng Day, Ha Long, Quang Ninh). - Luxsen International Paint Development Joint Stock Company (Application address at Liem Chinh Ward, Phu Ly City, Ha Nam) - Warehouse 101, Logistics Department, Ministry of Defense (Tay Tu Ward, Nam Tu Liem District, Hanoi). - Viettel Equipment Manufacturing Joint Stock Company (M3) (An Khanh, Hoai Duc, Hanoi, Vietnam). - P & P Mechanical Company Limited (Road E3, Pho Noi A Industrial Park, Lac Dao Commune, Van Lam District, Hung Yen Province). - Bach Dang Shipbuilding Company Limited (No. 3 Phan Dinh Phung, Ha Ly Ward, Hong Bang District, Hai Phong City). - Test floating of the Vietnam-Russia Tropical Center, Coastal Branch at Hon Tre Island - Nha Trang.
Recommendations	After the implementation of the project, we would like to propose the following recommendations: + The project was implemented on schedule and successfully achieved the set goals. Some outcomes exceeded the expectations described in the proposal. The project leader respectfully requests the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology to approve the acceptance of the project. + Research on creating advanced, functional coatings has significant scientific meaning and great potential for practical application, especially under the current complex climate change conditions. The functional coatings developed by the project have met the scientific and technical criteria (S&T) outlined in the proposal, mainly following the issued TCVN standards. However, some key paint products with high application potential, promising great economic and social benefits, such as heat-reflective paint, antifouling and microbial corrosion-resistant paint, thermal spray systems, etc., need continued investment in research, development, and quality improvement to meet stringent requirements and compete with high-end paints worldwide. + Currently, many water-based paint products are increasingly favored and gradually replacing solvent-based paints, as they reduce the risk of environmental pollution and lower toxicity during manufacturing and use. + Therefore, the research team respectfully requests the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology to focus on developing this research direction into one of the Academy's strong research areas. We hope to continue receiving investment for research and development, improving product quality, conducting pilot-scale production trials, and commercializing products in the near future.
Images of project