Project's information
| Project's title | Study on characteristics of biology, ecology, genetic and conditions of breedings to conseve and to develop the van sam fansipan subspecies - Abies delavayi subsp. fansipanensi |
| Project’s code | Vast04.04/20-21 |
| Research hosting institution | Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources |
| Project leader’s name | Nguyen Hung Manh |
| Project duration | 01/01/2020 - 31/12/2021 |
| Project’s budget | 600 million VND |
| Classify | Grade B |
| Goal and objectives of the project | To determine the characteristics of biology, ecology, genetic and conditions of breedings in order to conserve and to develop the van sam fansipan subspecies - Abies delavayi subsp. fansipanensis (Xiang Q. P., L. K. Fu & Nan Li) Rushforth. |
| Main results | Theoretical results:
The rate of naturally regenerated seedlings is very low with 25 trees in the whole study area. Found mainly along streams, where the land is landslide.
The growth of van sam fansipan subspecies is negatively correlated with age. The older the tree, the less it grows; However, trees with diameter class from 30-50cm, the rule tends to be proportional between cone production and diameter class (age level), that is, the rate of cone production increases with age level. In particular, trees with a diameter (at the position of 1.3m) of 80cm or more tend to cork the bark, have broken branches, or in other words grow insignificantly.
The subspecies of van sam fansipan grows well at altitudes from 2750-2950m, soil layer A (from 25cm - 53cm) has peat color, the average humus content is about 72.5%; pH (KCl) is about 3.01; Easily digestible nitrogen is about 33.60mg/100g; Fe exchange is about 1641.30mg/kg; Easily digestible potassium is about 402.09mg/kg; relative light intensity 3.49%; air temperature from 6.50C to 14.70C; air humidity fluctuates between 77% and 95%; vegetation includes some dominant species as follows: Acer brevipes Gagn., Camellia sp, Eurya distichophylla Hermol, Illicium tsai L. C. Sm., Prunus sp1, Rhododendron arboreum subsp. cinnamomum, Rhodoleia championii Hook.f., Rhododendron maddenii Richard B., Schefflera sp1 with a height of about 8.4m, a diameter of 24.3cm and a density of about 1050 trees/ha.
The ecological roles of the two populations of van sam fansipan, also known as the importance value index (IVI) and the correlation coefficients of diameter and height levels, have a big difference, namely 4.72%; 0.2749 (population at altitudes from 2600m - <2700m) and 42.24%; 0.6824 (population at an altitude of 2750 -2950m).
DNA analysis of 30 individuals in two populations with 3 pairs of primers: rpsl8,trnl in the chloroplast genome and nad5 in the mitochondrial genome, the results showed that the van sam fansipan population distributed at altitudes above 2750m has a more genetic diversity with diversity coefficients 0.00307(nad5), 0.00746 (trnL-trnF), and 0.01576 (rps18-rpl20). In which individual Abies delavayi subsp. fansipanensis (A1-10, distributed below 2700m) and (B1-10, distributed above 2750m) are closely related to Abies delavayi with a genetic distance of 0.001; In addition, when studying with the fansipan spruce individual (A70) with the rbcL gene region (700bp) and the trnH-psbA gene (600bp), the results of genetic analysis showed that the studied sample had the closest relationship with groups A. delavayi, A. nukiangenesis and A. squamata. In which, the study sample has genetic distance from A. nukiangenesis and A. delavayi both 0.001, and with A.squamata 0.014.
Through testing some formulas to preserve fansipan spruce seeds, the results of the formula preserving fansipan spruce seeds at -10oC (ct3) gave the highest germination rate with 83.3% of seeds germinated. And in this formula (ct3), the growth of seedlings was the best with a height of 5.1cm (after 5 months of follow-up).
IBA treatment increased the rooting rate, number of roots and the percentage of shoots that developed young leaves in the propagation of Spruce species (Abies delavayii subsp. fansipanensis (Xiang QP) Rushforth.), and the highest values were obtained. at 1500 (mg/L) IBA formulations. After 12 months of experiment, the fansipan spruce cuttings propagated on fine golden sand had a rooting rate of 50.67%, with an average number of roots 2.59 (roots/cuttings) and leaf growth rate. young (47.37%), meanwhile, the results obtained on the substrate mixed with loam soil A layer are: 34.46%, respectively; 2.59 (roots/cutting) and 69.23% respectively with the percentage of cuttings taking root, the average number of roots and the percentage of cuttings developing young leaves. Thus, the propagation of fansipan spruce achieved high efficiency when cuttings were treated with IBA and the cutting medium was humus mixed with soil A.
Applied results: Initially successfully planted van sam fansipan seedlings from seeding and cuttings to the natural distribution area (2605m-2800m) with 30 seedlings and 50 cuttings; and 2 cuttings located outside the natural distribution area at an altitude of 1000m (Ban Khoang, Sa Pa, Lao Cai) |
| Novelty and actuality and scientific meaningfulness of the results | The topic has contributed to building a scientific database (quantitative) on biological, ecological and genetic characteristics of Van sam fansipan species in Hoang Lien Son range. The first time successfully tested the method of propagating van sam fansipan by cuttings (from branches). |
| Products of the project | - Scientific papers in referred journals (list): 02 articles in national magazine |
| Research region | Near the top of Fansipan (2601m – 2950m, East side of the peak) and in Ban Khoang mountain, Sapa, Lao Cai province (around 1000 m above level sea and up to the peak). |
| Recommendations | Should contact the province about the option of transferring technology, propagation techniques of van sam fansipan by seeds, cuttings and techniques of planting and caring for seedlings to natural distribution areas and potential areas.; The study of chemical and pharmaceutical activities is also very necessary and useful for medicine and the development of raw materials for the future. |
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