Project's information

Project's title Studies on biodiversity and taxonomy of Vespid and Apoid wasps and bees (Hymenoptera: Vespidae and Apoidea) in north-western Vietnam
Project’s code QTBG01.01/21-22
Research hosting institution Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources
Coordinating unit, co-chair Bulgaria Academy of Sciences
Project leader’s name Vietnam's side: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Thi Phuong Lien; Partner's side: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Toshko Ljubomirov
Project duration 01/01/2021 - 31/12/2022
Project’s budget 200 million VND
Classify Excellent
Goal and objectives of the project

In the first phase, the project has the following objectives:
-    Recognizing the actual diversity of wasps from the families Crabronidae, Vespidae and wild bees from the families Megachilidae and Apidae;
-    Revision of taxa from above families, description of new species discovered during studies;
-    Creating a comparative collection.

Main results

- A total of 137 species of wasp species of four families Apidae, Halictidae, Crabronidae and Vespidae have been recorded in 3 provinces of Lao Cai, Son La and Hoa Binh in the northwest region of our country, of which 25 species and 10 genera belong to the family Apidae, 10 species and 4 genera belong to family Halictidae, 23 species belong to 12 genera of family Crabronidae and 78 species and 35 genera of family Vespidae. The highest number of species was recorded in Lao Cai (89 species), followed by Hoa Binh (65 species) and Son La (57 species), of which 46 species were recorded only in Lao Cai, 20 species were recorded only in Son La and 17 species recorded only in Hoa Binh. This shows the peculiarity of the distribution of hymenopteran bees and wasps belonging to four families at the study sites: the sampling sites have obvious differences in altitude, habitat and vegetation. While the sampling point in Son La (Van Ho, Sop Cop) has a lower elevation, averaging from 600-900m with scattered limestone and soil mountains, the sampling points in Hoa Binh (Mai Chau) are located at an average altitude of 900-1400m with scattered limestone massifs, while the sampling points in Lao Cai (mainly in Bat Xat) are located at an altitude of 1800m and above with mainly the high limestone mountains.
- There is one new species described for science, three genera and three species are new records for the Vietnam. Among them, the family Apidae has one newly described genus for science (Ebaiotrigona Engel & Nguyen, 2022); the family Vespidae has one newly described species for science (Pararrhynchium simsanum Nguyen & Tran, 2021) and two newly recorded species (Polistes adustus Bingham, 1897 and Vespa vivax Smith, 1870); the family Crabronidae has three newly recorded genera (Crossocerus, Lestica and Tachytes) and one newly recorded species (Trypoxylon flavipes Tsuneki, 1979).
- A classification key has been developed for species of the genus Pararrhynchium in the world and  species of the genus Vespa in Vietnam.
- Published 02 scientific papers in SCI-E journal list.
- A collection of 100 comparative specimens of 35 species belonging to four families was built (deposited in IEBR), contributing additional samples for research and training in Vietnam.

Novelty and actuality and scientific meaningfulness of the results

- One species was described as new to science. Three genera and three species were newly recorded for Vietnamese fauna.
- For the first time, a collection of comparative specimens of species of the Crabronidae family was built, making an important contribution to the research and training of experts on these two target groups in Vietnam.

Products of the project

- Publications: 02 papers (in SCI-E journal list).
Nguyen LTP, Tran NT, Bui DT, Ljubomirov T, 2021. Two new species of the genus Pararrhynchium de Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Vietnam, with updated key to all known species. Zootaxa, 5082 (2): 159-168.
Heather R. Mattila, Gard W. Otis, Johan Billen, Lien T. P. Nguyen, Satoshi Shimano, 2022. Comparative morphology of the sternal glands of hornets in the genus Vespa. Biology 11, 245.
A comparative collection of  100 specimens of 35 species in the four families (Apidae, Halictidae, Crabronidae and Vespidae)  from three provinces in the Northwestern part (Lao Cai, Son La, Hoa Binh) of Vietnam was built. The samples were pinned, dried, labeled with full of information, stored in wooden boxes and housed at the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources.
- Other products: Training: supported to 01 Ph.D student.

Research region

The results of the study will be used by the authorities of the three northeastern provinces such as Forest Protection Department, Bat Xat, Hang Kia – Pa Co, Sop Cop, Xuan Nha Nature Reserve, which is a scientific basis for these agencies to use for building plans on conservation, promotion and rational use of biological resources in service of local socio-economic development.

Recommendations

The composition of aculeate Hymenoptera in Vietnam is very diverse and rich, but taxonomic research on superfamilies Vespoidea and Apoidea has received little attention, so it is recommended to continue research on taxonomy and distribution of the groups of bees and wasps in other regions of our country in order to have an overview of their diversity and distribution in Vietnam, to build a complete database for conservation research and use them in the future.

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