Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology

Project's information

Project's title	Study on the synthesis of environmentally friendly fire-retardant nanocomposites based on thermoplastic, thermoset, and rubber matrices for the manufacturing of fire-resistant products
Project’s code	TĐPCCC.00/21-23
Research hosting institution	Institute of Chemistry
Project leader’s name	Prof. Nguyen Van Tuyen
Project duration	01/01/2021 - 31/12/2023
Project’s budget	43,200 million VND
Classify	Grade A
Goal and objectives of the project	General objectives Enhancing the capacity for fundamental research with a focus on practical application and implementation. Promoting scientific research and technological development to maximize the utilization of available equipments and collaborate with relevant parties in the field of fire prevention and firefighting, aiming to protect public health, ensure social welfare, and meet the demands of socio-economic development. Developing scientific and technological research in the field of fire prevention and firefighting to create practical products that support scientific research activities and contribute to the care and protection of public health. Specific objectives Research and develop new-generation firefighting products that are environmentally friendly, highly effective in fire suppression, and convenient for using not only by firefighting forces but also by households, agencies, and businesses. Developing several flame-retardant materials and nanocomposites with high fire resistance and environmental friendliness. Developing a set of standard procedures for identifying flame-retardant substances in the environment and assessing their potential health hazards to humans.
Main results	Theoretical results: + The project has successfully synthesized flame-retardant substances such as TiO2, Mg(OH)2, bentonite, APP, and nano-silica. These materials are cost-effective, with simple production methods that can be scaled up to pilot production. + The project has systematically studied SAP materials derived from natural sources such as cellulose, alginate, and starch and has developed specific formulations for gels formed from these SAPs as follows: + SAPNB has been synthesized by graft polymerization of acrylic acid and the crosslinker N, N'-methylene-bisacrylamide (MBA) combined with nano silica, nano bentonite, and nano Mg(OH)2. This material produces a gel formulation with excellent adhesion to material surfaces, impeding combustion. The SAPHP01 additive, with 30% SAPNB content, possesses a high hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB=10), allowing rapid water absorption to form gel01 (comprising 5% SAPHP01 and 95% water), which is used as a material to prevent and extinguish fires. Experimental results indicate that gel01 can effectively extinguish Class I fires in under 300s , with fire resistance ranging from 1000 to 1300°C for 40s when applied in a 2 mm layer. + The TS-AA-AMPS/APP material was synthesized from modified starch, AA, and AMPS, incorporating 3% APP by weight. The SAPHP02 additive, used to formulate gel02 containing 32% TS-AA-AMPS/APP, has an HLB value of 4.3, offering excellent water absorption and retention. Gel02, prepared from 3.5% SAPHP02 and 96.5% water, demonstrates exceptional adhesion to wooden surfaces (99%). Testing of the gel02 system shows a Class I fire extinguishment time of less than 300 seconds (262 seconds) and fire resistance of up to 45 seconds with a 2 mm gel coating. + Successful in determining the method of processing natural cellulose fibers to enhance the flame resistance properties of cotton fibers with some flame retardant additives, including: the commercial additive Pyrovatex CP, extracts from some agricultural by-products (jackfruit peel, dragon fruit peel, watermelon peel), and nano-sized inorganic particles (nanoclay, nano silica particles, nano zinc oxide). + Successful in determining some important properties of flame resistance cotton fibers treated with flame retardant additives. + Successful in determining the method of processing the treated cotton fibers into flame resistance textiles, as well as the method of applying these flame resistance textiles in the manufacturing of practical products such as flame resistance clothing. + Successful in determining some toxic gaseous products formed from the combustion process of cotton textiles, as well as cotton textiles treated with the investigated flame retardant additives. + Synthesized 24 organic compounds containing DOPO. DOPO and compound FR3 were found as potential flame retardant additives. + Synthesized 3 organic compounds containing spiro phosphorus heterocycle used to modify flame retardant nanocomposite material. + Fabricated and researched the characteristics of nanohybrid materials based on carbon nanotubes modified with organic compounds containing DOPO or spiro heterocyclic compounds. The results revealed that DOPO-modified thermally expandable graphite EG@DOPO with 10,4 wt% DOPO and a particle size of 100 mesh is found to be suitable as a fireproof additive. + Fabricated and researched the characteristics of inorganic/organic hybrid materials based on halloysite (HNTs) or montmorillonite (MMT) modified with organic compounds containing DOPO or spiro heterocyclic compounds. Nanoclay oMMT2 which contained about 12.3 wt% of the ammonium salt and 29.8 wt% of DOPO, possessed an interlayer spacing of 31.5 Å, and a structure and thermal properties suitable as a flame retardant additive. + Researched and developed a flame retardant combination for nanocomposite materials based on acrylonitrile butadien styrene (ABS) including aluminum trihydroxide/red phosphorus (ATH-RP)mgst (7.5 wt%), EG@DOPO (3,75 wt%) and potassium perfluorobutane sulfonate (3.75 wt%). + Researched and developed a flame retardant combination for nanocomposite materials based on PC/ABS (80/20 wt%) using a mixture of 1.0 wt% of GNP and 0.5 wt% of PFBS additives. The combination of GNP and PFBS resulted in improved dispersibility of the additives within the PC/ABS blend, delivering good flame-retardancy properties and substantial enhancement in mechanical properties, such as impact strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength, compared to the neat PC/ABS blend. + Researched and developed a flame retardant combination for nanocomposite materials based on polyethylene (PE) including nanoclay oMMT2 (3 wt%), (ATH-RP)mgst (14 wt%) and EG@DOPO (1 wt%). + Fabricated zinc borate nanocomposites and evaluated the fire resistance of zinc borate/red phosphorus/expanded graphite nanocomposite based on HDPE resin. The fire resistance of nZB/P/EG/HDPE4 composite (mass ratio 6/10/6/78) achieved the UL-94 V-0 rating and the LOI value of 26.8%. + Researched and developed a flame retardant combination for epoxy-based nanocomposite materials including APP-PEI mixture (5 wt%) and derivatives containing DOPO (5 wt%). Nanocomposite EP/5APP-PEI/5FE15 exhibited high fire resistance V-0, LOI value of 28.6% and exhibited relatively high mechanical performance with an impact strength of 26- 28 kJ/m2. + Fabricated 50 pieces of 24FO fiber optic splice closures from flame-retardant ABS-based nanocomposite. + Fabricated 120 pieces of 24FO fiber optic splice closures from flame-retardant PC/ABS-based nanocomposite. Dimensions (Length x width x height): 410 x 170 x 80 mm. The fire resistance of the fiber optic splice closure achieves UL-94 V-0 and the LOI value of 27.2%. Impact resistance to resist the impact force of a 1 kg round steel ball from a height of 2 m at room temperature, tested according to IEC 61300-2-12 Method B; Compression resistance of 1000 N/25cm2 for 1 hour, tested according to IEC 61300-2-10 standard; Operating temperature range: -10 oC ̶ 65 oC (±2 oC), tested according to IEC 61300-2-22 standard (IEC 60068-2-14 Test Nb). + Fabricated 240 pieces of electrical insulation board from flame-retardant PE-based nanocomposite. The fire resistance of the electrical insulation board achieves the UL-94 V-0 and the LOI value of 27.6%. The mechanical properties of the electrical insulation board meet the requirements of TCVN 9569:2013: un-notched impact strength value is 11.9 kJ/m2, modulus of elasticity in tension is 319 Mpa. + Successful Synthesis of Nano Aluminum Hydroxide via Hydrothermal Method: Nano aluminum hydroxide particles with uniform sizes ranging from 150-200 nm were successfully synthesized using the hydrothermal method at a temperature of 120°C in the presence of surfactants. Factors affecting the morphology of nATH particles, including precursors, hydrothermal time, and surfactants, were investigated. The survey results indicate that aluminum salts have a negligible effect on particle morphology; 12 hours is the optimal hydrothermal time to achieve uniformly sized particles, and CTAB is the most suitable surfactant for producing uniformly shaped nATH particles. + Successful Synthesis of Flake-Like Nano Zinc Borate: Flake-like nano zinc borate with the formula 2ZnO.3B2O3.3.5H2O and an average particle size of about 100 nm was successfully synthesized using the co-precipitation method. Factors influencing the structure and morphology of the nano particles were examined. Results indicate that zinc sulfate is an appropriate precursor, the reaction temperature of 80°C, and polysorbate 80 is a suitable surfactant for synthesizing thin, uniformly shaped zinc borate nano sheets with high purity. + Expandable Graphites (EG) with Various Particle Sizes were Successfully Synthesized via a Chemically Oxidative Intercalation Method: The effect of graphite particle size on the expanded volume of EG was investigated. The results indicated that EG with large particle sizes had a lower initial expansion temperature and a much higher expaned volume than those with small particle sizes. Notably, EG with a particle size of +100 mesh exhibited the largest expanded volume of 225 mL/g. + Successful Synthesis of Nano Cu2O Using Reduction in Solution: Nano Cu2O material was successfully synthesized using the reduction method in solution with CuSO4.5H2O as the precursor and NaBH4 as the reducing agent in an alkaline environment. The synthesized Cu2O nanoparticles are spherical, pure, with an average size of 100-150 nm, absorbing wavelengths around 535 nm and having a specific surface area of 6 m²/g. + Successful Synthesis of Nano-Al2O3 Using Sol-Gel and Ultrasonic Methods: Using the sol-gel method combined with ultrasonication, nano Al2O3 material was successfully synthesized. The synthesized material has a small and uniform size ranging from 10-15 nm and a high specific surface area of up to 179 m²/g in the γ-Al2O3 state, which is widely used in practice today. + Inorganic Flame Retardants was conducted using various modifying agents such as silane compounds and stearate salts. Results show that magnesium stearate is suitable for modifying aluminum hydroxide, calcium stearate for modifying magnesium hydroxide and zinc borate, and silicon oil for modifying red phosphorus. A 3% modifying agent is the appropriate amount for modifying inorganic additives for flame-retardant composite fabrication. + Successful Modification of Commercial Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) Flame Retardant: The commercial flame retardant ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was successfully modified with various agents including silane agents like KH-550, vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS), melamine-formaldehyde (MF), MF + phytic acid, urea-melamine-formaldehyde (UMF), and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). These polymers encapsulate APP particles, creating core-shell structures that enhance the dispersion of APP in polymer matrices. + Successful Development of High Flame-Retardant PP Composite: A high flame-retardant polypropylene (PP) composite with good mechanical properties was successfully developed. The flame-retardant properties of composites containing ATHmgst, MHcast, RPsi, MCPMHS, ZBcast, EG100, and their combinations were investigated to study the synergistic flame-retardant effects. Results show that a composite containing 18% of the nMH:MHcast:RPsi:EG100 combination in a mass ratio of 2:5.2:4.8:6 has high flame-retardant properties, good mechanical properties, and is made from environmentally friendly and low-cost additives. Therefore, this composite formula was selected for trial production of flame-retardant thermoplastic sheets. + Successful Application of Modified APP in Flame-Retardant PP Systems: Research on using flame retardant additives for PP based on modified APP showed that systems using APP encapsulated with agents such as VTMS (monomer) or MF, UMF (both as monomers and foaming agents) create effective polymer shells for optimal dispersion of APP in the PP matrix. Combining modified APP with carbonizing agents like PER and DPER results in high flame-retardant PP materials. Some successfully applied formulas in PP meeting registered criteria include: PP/MF-APP/PER/3/1: 70/22.5/7.5% PP/UMF-APP/DPER/3/1: 70/22.5/7.5% PP/VTMS-APP/DPER/3/1: 70/22.5/7.5% + Inadequate Flame-Retardant Properties in PMMA-Based Composites: Research on creating flame-retardant composites based on PMMA using APP combined with other flame-retardant agents showed that, overall, the flame-retardant properties did not meet requirements, although the mechanical properties met the registered criteria. + Successful Development of Flame-Retardant Nanocomposites Based on PUR Foam: Flame-retardant nanocomposites based on PUR foam were successfully developed using the free expansion method at temperatures of 20-25°C with different particle sizes of EG, MH, RP, APP, PER, nZB, nATH, and their combinations. The study of flame-retardant properties and mechanical properties showed that a nanocomposite containing the combination of nATH, APP, PER with a mass ratio of nATH:APP:PER = 2:12.86:5.14 has good flame-retardant efficiency, high compressive strength, and thermal insulation. Therefore, this nanocomposite formula was chosen for developing the trial production process of flame-retardant thermal insulation sheets. + Successful Development of High Flame-Retardant Epoxy Composites Using Modified APP: Flame retardants based on APP modified with agents like polyethylenimine (PEI) and GMA, combined with thermosetting epoxy resin, created composites with very high flame-retardant properties (LOI > 30%). The epoxy resin-based composites using 5-10% APP@GMA showed an LOI increase to 28% (using 5% APP@GMA) and up to 33% (using 10% APP@GMA). The APP@PEI additive, at an 18% level combined with a small amount of Cu2O (2%), increased the LOI of the composite to 32.5%. + Everal flame-retardant additive systems were developed for EPDM rubber, with APP@PEI-ATH (20:160 phr) emerging as the optimal system, achieving UL-94 V-0, an LOI of 31.6%, and superior mechanical properties. This system was selected for trial production of 20 m² of flame-retardant rubber. While the APP-PER-EG system (28.1:9.4:12.5%) combined with 12% PP met the required standards (UL-94 V-0, LOI 27.2%, tensile strength 11.74 MPa, elongation at break 667%, Shore A hardness 80.43), it was less effective than APP@PEI-ATH. The combination of APP@PEI with Mg(OH)₂ did not deliver the desired flame-retardant performance. + Improved Flame-Retardant Properties of NBR Rubber Composites: Studies on NBR rubber using flame retardant additives such as RP-Al(OH)3, EG-Al(OH)3, and APP-Al(OH)3 showed significant improvements in the flame-retardant properties of NBR rubber composites, meeting registered criteria. However, the mechanical properties of the resulting rubber composites did not meet requirements due to the inherently lower mechanical properties of NBR rubber compared to the registered criteria. + A process for manufacturing flame-retardant ABS-based nanocomposite materials based MB40FRABS has been developed at a scale of 50 kg/batch with ingredients including ABS (69.72 wt%), (ATH-RP)mgst (15.14 wt). wt%), EG@DOPO (7.57 wt%), and PFBS (7.57 wt%). + A process for manufacturing flame-retardant PE-based nanocomposite materials MB40FRHDPE has been developed at a scale of 50 kg/batch with ingredients HDPE (56,6 wt%), oMMT2 (6 wt%), (ATH-RP)mgst (30 wt%). + Successful Development of Technology for Flame-Retardant Thermoplastic Sheets: A successful technology for producing flame-retardant thermoplastic sheets based on PP with a formula of 2% nMH, 5.2% MHcast, 4.8% RPsi, 6% EG100, and 82% PP was developed. The technology was applied to the trial production of flame-retardant thermoplastic sheets, and the products met the registered criteria. + Successful Development of Technology for Flame-Retardant Thermal Insulation Sheets: A successful technology for producing flame-retardant thermal insulation sheets based on PUR foam containing a combination of 2% nATH, 12.86% APP, and 5.14% PER was developed. This technology was applied to the trial production of 30 m² of three-wave flame-retardant roofing sheets based on PUR with thicknesses of 50/92 mm. The product met the registered criteria as stated in the project proposal. + A procedure has been developed to analyze 5 new brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) (HCDBCO, BTBPE, TBPH, DBBPE, TBBPA-DBPE) in indoor dust samples on GC-MS equipment with good recovery of 97.5 - 100.5 %, limit of detection (LOD) of the method of 05 NBFRs in the range of 0.22 – 0.72 ng/g, limit of quantification (LOQ) of method of 05 NBFRs in the range 0.73 – 2.4 ng/g. + A procedure has been developed to analyze 14 phosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) (TnBP, TCEP, TCIPP (1,2,3), DBPP, TDCIPP, TPhP, TBOEP, EHDPP, TEHP, TOCP, TMCP, TPCP) in indoor dust samples on GC-MS equipment with a good recovery of 80.8 - 103%, limit of detection (LOD) of the method of 14 OPFRs in the range of 0.76 – 3.12 ng/g, limit of quantification (LOQ) of method of 14 OPFRs in the range 2.53 – 10.4 ng/g. + A procedure has been developed to analyze 05 new brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) (HCDBCO, BTBPE, TBPH, DBBPE, TBBPA-DBPE) in water on a GC/MS instrument with good recoveries of 80.5 – 120.1 %, limit of detection (LOD) of the method of 05 NBFRs in the range of 6 – 14 ng/mL, limit of quantification (LOQ) of method of 05 NBFRs in the range 20 – 45 ng/L. + A procedure has been developed to analyze 06 phosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) (TnBP, TCEP, TCPP, TDCPP, TPP, TBEP) in water samples on GC/MS equipment with good recovery of 98 - 100.5 %, limit of detection (LOD) of the method of 06 OPFRs in the range of 0.51 – 0.62 ng/mL, limit of quantification (LOQ) of method of 1.67 – 2.56 ng/L. + A procedure has been developed to analyze 06 phosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) (TnBP, TCEP, TCPP, TDCPP, TPP, TBEP) in upholstered furniture foam samples on a GC/MS instrument with a good recovery of 97, 5 - 100.5 %, limit of detection (LOD) of the method of 6 OPFRs in the range of 1.01 - 1.39 ng/g, limit of quantification (LOQ) of method of 6 OPFRs in the range of 3.8 – 4.63 ng/g. + A procedure has been developed to analyze 06 phosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) (TnBP, TCEP, TCPP, TDCPP, TPP, TBEP) in fabric samples of upholstered furniture on a GC/MS instrument with a good recovery of 97.5 – 100.6 %, limit of detection (LOD) of the method of 6 OPFRs in the range of 0.88 – 1.01 ng/g, limit of quantification (LOQ) of method of of 6 OPFRs in the range of 2.93 – 3.36 ng/g. + The project developed and issued a technical specification (TCCS) for VH-GEL01 for fire prevention and suppression, serving as a foundation for establishing a national standard (TCVN) and enabling future research comparisons. Applied results: + New products have been developed with effective fire extinguishing capabilities that meet Vietnamese standards and are of comparable quality to international products, eliminating the need for imports and ensuring human and social safety. The resulting products are more cost-effective than imports and can be researched and produced domestically. + The products are technically optimized, competitively priced (approximately 150,000 VND/liter), safe to produce, easily scalable, and completely non-toxic. They represent an economical and environmentally friendly solution with the potential to compete with international brands. + The products are the results of research aimed at practical applications such as fire-resistant insulation sheets; multipurpose rubber sheets used for machine lining, intricate machine parts such as gaskets, trunk liners, car floor mats, and all products requiring fire resistance based on EPDM rubber; fire-resistant plastic partition panels and all fire-resistant products based on PP plastic. + Successful in development of 03 technical processes for manufacturing flame resistance cellulose fibers and textiles, along with 01 technical standard for the manufactured flame resistance cellulose fibers and textiles, creating a solid foundation for applying the research results of this Project into production practice. + A process for manufacturing flame-retardant ABS-based nanocomposite materials based MB40FRABS has been developed at a scale of 50 kg/batch. + A process for manufacturing flame-retardant PE-based nanocomposite materials MB40FRHDPE has been developed at a scale of 50 kg/batch. + A technological process for manufacturing 24FO fiber optic splice closures from flame-retardant ABS-based nanocomposite has been developed. + A technological process for manufacturing electrical insulation boards from flame- retardant PE-based nanocomposite has been developed. + The analytical procedures have been applied to analyze Hanoi's indoor dust and surface water samples (rivers and lakes). And also analyzed the flame retardants in foam, furniture upholstery, and curtain fabric collected from the market, and analyzed the metabolites of flame retardants in the urine of people in Hanoi. + A set of data has been obtained on 06 organophosphorus flame retardants in surface water in 17 lakes and 06 rivers in the Hanoi area. + The risk of flame retardants in surface water to the ecosystem in rivers and lakes in Hanoi has been assessed. + A set of data on 14 organophosphorus flame retardants in indoor dust in the Hanoi urban area has been obtained. + The correlation between the content of flame retardants in indoor air and accumulation in the body of Vietnamese people has been evaluated. + The exposure level and human health risks of flame retardants in indoor dust were assessed. + Collected and analyzed metabolites of flame retardants in 61 urine samples collected from people in Hanoi, and estimated the exposure dose of people to flame retardants. + Collected and analyzed flame retardants in 31 samples of upholstery fabric and 40 samples of curtain fabric collected at the market. The dermal exposure risk of these flame retardants to human health has been assessed.
Novelty and actuality and scientific meaningfulness of the results	+ Researched and developed core formulations to create two new-generation, environmentally friendly fire prevention/extinguishing gel systems to meet the needs of firefighting forces, households, agencies, and businesses. + The fire prevention/extinguishing gels developed in this project incorporate certain flame retardants and nanocomposites with high fire resistance, which are biodegradable and environmentally friendly. + A new product (SAPHP01 and SAPHPP02) containing over 30% SAP has been successfully produced, which can be easily stored and formulated into a fire prevention/extinguishing gel, facilitating its use in firefighting operations. + The production line has been upgraded from a manual laboratory-scale process with low capacity to a pilot-scale gel formulation process with a capacity of 40 litres per batch, significantly exceeding the initial target of 15 litres per batch. + Identified several potential plant-based materials that can be used as additives to enhance the fire resistant properties of cellulose-based fibers. + Determined the effects of utilizing several nano-sized additives, synthetic chemical additives, and natural additives from plant extracts on the properties of cellulose-based fibers, specifically the emission of gaseous products formed during the combustion and thermal decomposition process of cellulose-based fibers. + Synthesized 24 organic compounds containing DOPO and 3 compounds containing spiro phosphorus heterocycle used as flame retardant additives. + DOPO-modified thermally expandable graphite EG@DOPO with 10,4 wt% DOPO and a particle size of 100 mesh was prepared and was found to be suitable as a fireproof additive. + Fabricated organic nanoclay oMMT2 based on modification of montmorillonite with DOPO, containing about 12.3% of ammonium salts and 29.8 wt% of DOPO. + Researched and developed a flame retardant combination for nanocomposite materials based on acrylonitrile butadien styrene (ABS), PC/ABS (80/20 wt%), polyethylene (PE). + Fabricated zinc borate nanocomposites and evaluated the fire resistance of based the zinc borate/red phosphorus/expanded graphite nanocomposite based on HDPE resin. The fire resistance of nZB/P/EG/HDPE4 composite (mass ratio 6/10/6/78) achieves the UL-94 V-0 rating and the LOI value of 26.8%. + Researched and developed a flame retardant combination for epoxy-based nanocomposite materials including APP-PEI mixture (5 wt%) and derivatives containing DOPO (5 wt%). + Successfully manufactured a range of composite products based on PP thermoplastic, PU thermoset plastic, and EPDM rubber with high fire resistance and excellent mechanical properties, utilizing new additive systems. + A process for manufacturing flame-retardant ABS-based nanocomposite materials based MB40FRABS has been developed at a scale of 50 kg/batch with ingredients including ABS (69.72 wt%), (ATH-RP)mgst (15.14 wt). wt%), EG@DOPO (7.57 wt%), and PFBS (7.57 wt%). + A process for manufacturing flame-retardant PE-based nanocomposite materials MB40FRHDPE has been developed at a scale of 50 kg/batch with ingredients HDPE (56,6 wt%), oMMT2 (6 wt%), (ATH-RP)mgst (30 wt%). + Developed the technical process of plant extracts treatment to enhance fire retardant properties of cellulose-based fibers, resulting in fabricated fibers that meet several important technical standards in accordance with National Standards TCVN 12366-1:2022 and International Standard ISO 11999-1:2015 on Personal protective clothing for firefighters who are fighting fires occurring in structures. + The project has developed six standard procedures for analyzing flame retardants in the environment and materials samples. + The project has developed 2 sets of data on flame retardants in indoor dust and surface water in Hanoi. + The project evaluated the risk of exposure and risks of flame retardants to human health and aquatic ecosystems in Hanoi. + The project analyzed the metabolites of flame retardants in people's urine to evaluate people's exposure to flame retardants.
Products of the project	Scientific papers in referred journals: a) International journal (SCI-E): [1]. Giang H. Le, Duong A. Thanh, Pham T.H. My, Trang T.T. Pham, Trang T.T. Quan, Tung N. Nguyen, Quang K. Nguyen, Quoc Anh Ngo, "One-step synthesis of super-absorbent nanocomposite hydrogel based on bentonite," Materials Research Express, 10(1), (2023), 015001, SCIE IF >2, Q2. [2]. Ngoc Binh Vo, Thi Yen Tran, Le Thanh Hang Nguyen, Thanh Tung Nguyen, Van Tuyen Nguyen, and Quoc Anh Ngo, "Synthesis, characterization, and swelling properties of a novel tapioca-g-Poly(Acrylic acid−2−acrylamido−2−methylpropane sulfonic acid)/ammonium polyphosphate superabsorbent polymer," Materials Research Express, 11, (2024), 025302, SCIE IF >2, Q2. [3]. Nguyen Ngoc Tung, Trinh Tuan Hung, Hoang Minh Tao, Bui Quang Minh, Nguyen Thanh Thao, Nguyen Quang Trung (2024) Extract from the peels of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus): Flame retardancy and toxic gaseous emission suppression effects on cotton textiles. Fire and Materials, 1–14. doi: 10.1002/fam.3243 [4]. Nguyen Ngoc Tung, Trinh Tuan Hung, Bui Quang Minh, Nguyen Quang Trung (2022) Preparation of silica microspheres encapsulating novel organic carbonates eutectic mixture: A promising shape‑stabilized phase change material for room thermo‑regulation in tropical climate. Colloid and Polymer Science, 300, 1005–1015. doi: 10.1007/s00396-022-05009-6. [5]. Quang Vinh Tran, Thi Nhiem Nguyen, Thi Hai Doan, Tuyet Anh Dang Thi, Ha Thanh Nguyen, Mai Ha Hoang, Pham Thi Lan Huong, Van Tuyen Nguyen. Preparation of flame retardant polycarbonate-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composite using graphene nanoplatelets and potassium perfluorobutane sulfonate additives. ChemistrySelect 2023, 8, e202300594. doi.org/10.1002/slct.202300594. [6]. Cong Trinh Duc, Linh Chi Nguyen, Phuc Ban Van, Ha Thanh Nguyen, Tuyet Anh Dang Thi, Giang Le-Nhat-Thuy, Quynh Giang Nguyen Thi, Phuong Hoang Thi, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Quang Vinh Tran, Hung Tran Quang, Mai Ha Hoang, Tuyen Nguyen Van. Synthesis of new DOPO derivatives and investigation of their synergistic effect with APP–PEI on the flame retardancy of epoxy composite. RSC Advances 2024, 14, 5264-5275. doi.org/ 10.1039/d4ra00051j. [7]. Nhung Hac Thi, Toan Van Hoang, Truong Cong Doanh, Ho Thi Oanh, Doan Tien Dat, Ha Tran Nguyen, Giang Le-Nhat-Thuy, Quang Vinh Tran, Mai Ha Hoang, Tuyen Van Nguyen. Two-step preparation of phosphorus-containing organoclay and its effect on fire-resistant and mechanical properties of the flame-retardant polyethylene composite. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2024, e55758. doi.org/10.1002/app.55758. [8]. Hai Thi Doan, Nhiem Thi Nguyen, Nhung Thi Hac, Pham Thi Lan Huong, Mai Ha Hoang, Quoc Anh Ngo, Van Tuyen Nguyen, Vinh Quang Tran. Synthesis and synergistic effect of cuprous(I) oxide nanoparticles and polyethyleneimine modified ammonium polyphosphate on enhancing the flame resistance of epoxy resin, Mater. Res. Express, 10, 2023, 115002. DOI 10.1088/2053-1591/ad058e. [9]. Nhung Hac Thi, Truong Cong Doanh, Doan Tien Dat, Ho Thi Oanh, Ha Tran Nguyen, Tuyen Van Nguyen, Quang Vinh Tran, Mai Ha Hoang. Investigation of the synergistic effect of red phosphorus and magnesium hydroxide on the thermal degradation behavior and flame resistance of the intumescent fire‐retardant polypropylene system, Fire and Materials, 48(2), 2024, 166-179. DOI: 10.1002/fam.3175. [10]. Minh Tue Thi Hoang, Giang Truong Le, Kadokami Kiwao, Hanh Thi Duong, Trung Quang Nguyen, Thang Quang Phan, Minh Quang Bui, Dung Anh Truong, Ha Thu Trinh. Occurrence and risk of human exposure to organophosphate flame retardants in indoor air and dust in Hanoi, Vietnam. 2023. Chemosphere, Vol. 328, page 138597. [11]. Dung Anh Truong, Ha Thu Trinh, Giang Truong Le, Thang Quang Phan, Hanh Thi Duong, Thien Thanh Lam Tran, Trung Quang Nguyen, Minh Tue Thi Hoang, Tuyen Van Nguyen. Occurrence and ecological risk assessment of organophosphate esters in surface water from rivers and lakes in urban Hanoi, Vietnam. 2023. Chemosphere, Vol. 331, page138805. [12]. Ha Thu Trinh, Dung Anh Truong, Hanh Thi Duong, Thuy Minh Bui, Minh Tue Thi Hoang, Phuong Thu Thi Nguyen, Cuc Thi Dinh, Tuyen Van Nguyen, Lan Thu Thi Tran, Nga Thanh Thi Nguyen, Giang Truong Le. Investigation of urinary metabolites of organophosphate esters in Hanoi, Vietnam: Assessment exposure and estimated daily intake. 2024. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Vol. 86, pages 335–345. b) Scopus-indexed journal: [1]. Giang H. Le, Duong A. Thanh, Pham T.H. My, Trang T.T. Pham, Trang T.T. Quan, Quan Minh Nguyen, Quoc Anh Ngo, "Synthesis of magnesium hydroxide powder and dry powders for application in extinguishing petroleum fires," Vietnam Journal of Chemistry, 62(S1), (2024), 68-75, Scopus, Q3. [2]. Ho Nguyen Hoang, Duong Thi Hanh, Le Song Ha, Nguyen Thanh Duong, Trinh Thu Ha. Current situation and health risk assessment of acetaminophen and chlorpheniramine maleate in urban house dust from Hanoi, Vietnam. 2022. Vietnam Journal of Chemistry, Tập 60 (1), trang 116-122. [3]. Hoang Thi Tue Minh, Duong Thi Hanh, Phan Quang Thang, Trinh Thu Hà. Occurrence and human exposure risk assessment of brominated and organophosphate flame retardants in indoor dust in Ha Noi, Viet Nam. 2023. Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology, Tập 61 (4), trang 666-680. [4]. Hoang Nguyen Ho, Ha Thu Trinh, Manh Duy Tran, Hanh Thi Duong, Cuc Thi Dinh. Current situation and health risk assessment of neonicotinoids insecticides in urban indoor dust from HaNoi, VietNam. 2023. Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology, Tập 61 (6), trang 1027-1037. c) Domestic journal: [1]. Le Ha Giang, Duong Anh Thanh, Pham Thi Ha My, Pham Thi Thu Trang, Quan Thi Thu Trang, Nguyen Ha Thanh, Pham The Chinh, Nguyen Van Chien, Ngo Quoc Anh, "Synthesis of thermally sensitive composite gel containing nanocomposite hydrogel for extinguishing Class A fires," TNU Journal of Science and Technology, 228(10), (2023), 296-303. [2]. Nguyen Ngoc Tung, Trinh Tuan Hung, Tran Thi Thuong, Hoang Minh Tao, Nguyen Thi Hoai Thu, Bui Quang Minh, Nguyen Quang Trung (2023) Analyzing toxic effluents generated from the combustion of fire-resistant cotton textile. Vietnam Journal of Analytical Sciences, 29(2), 1–7. [3]. Nguyen Ngoc Tung, Trinh Tuan Hung, Hoang Minh Tao, Nguyen Thi Hoai Thu, Bui Quang Minh, Nguyen Quang Trung (2023) Potential application of extract from the peels of red-fleshed dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis) for enhancing flame-resistant properties of cotton textile. Vietnam Journal of Analytical Sciences, 29(4), 33–39. [4]. Nguyễn Thị Hạnh, Hắc Thị Nhung, Lê Nhật Thuỳ Giang, Hoàng Mai Hà, Nguyễn Văn Tuyến. Nghiên cứu tổng hợp nano kẽm borate và đánh giá khả năng chống cháy của tổ hợp nano kẽm borate/phosphor đỏ/graphite giãn nở trên nền nhựa HDPE. Tạp chí Khoa học & Công nghệ Việt Nam – B, 2024, 66, 1B, 56-61. Doi.org: 10.31276/VJST.66(1).56-61. [5]. Trịnh Đức Công, Nguyễn Linh Chi, Nguyễn Hà Thanh, Đặng Thị Tuyết Anh, Bàn Văn Phúc, Hoàng Mai Hà, Trần Quang Vinh, Lê Nhật Thùy Giang, Nguyễn Thị Quỳnh Giang, Nguyễn Văn Tuyến. Nghiên cứu tổng hợp một số dẫn xuất DOPO ứng dụng chế tạo compozit chống cháy trên nền epoxy. VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology, 2024, 40, 1, 105-115. doi.org/10.25073/2588-1140/vnunst.5605. [6]. Nguyễn Thị Thu Phương, Đoàn Thị Bích Hòa, Ngô Thị Lan, Nguyễn Hà Thanh, Đỗ Thái Anh, Lê Nhật Thùy Giang, Nguyễn Văn Tuyến, Trịnh Thu Hà*. Phân tích chất chống cháy cơ phosphate trong vải bọc nội thất và đánh giá rủi ro tới sức khỏe con người. Tạp chí Khoa học và công nghệ, Đại học Công nghiệp Hà Nội, 2023, 59, 6C, 128-132. [7]. Trương Công Doanh, Vũ Minh Tân, Hồ Thị Oanh, Hắc Thị Nhung, Hoàng Mai Hà, Preparation and charaterization of flame retardant nanocomposite based on polyvinyl chloride, Journal of Science and Technology, 57(2), 2021, 115-121. [8]. Truong Cong Doanh, Hac Thi Nhung, Nguyen Thi Hanh, Nguyen Thi Thu Hien, Doan Tien Dat, Vu Minh Tan, Hoang Mai Ha, Synthesis of Nanoplatelet Zinc Borate and its Combination with Expandable Graphite and Red Phosphorus as Flame Retardants for Polypropylene, VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology, 38(3), 2022, 86-96. DOI: 10.25073/2588-1140/vnunst.5402 [9]. Nguyễn Thị Nhiệm, Đoàn Thị Hải, Hắc Thị Nhung, Hoàng Mai Hà, Nguyễn Văn Tuyến, Ngô Quốc Anh và Trần Quang Vinh. Nghiên cứu hình thái, cấu trúc và tính chất của vật liệu ammonium polyphosphate được bao bọc bởi nhựa ure–melamine–formaldehyde và khả năng ứng dụng chế tạo compozit có khả năng chống cháy trên nền nhựa polypropylene. Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ Việt Nam, 66(8), 2024, 13-18. [10]. Trương Anh Dũng, Nguyễn Thị Thu Phương, Mai Thị Huyền Thương, Đoàn Hà Phương, Đoàn Bích Hòa, Nguyễn Thị Thu Hằng, Nguyễn Thị Hạnh, Trịnh Thu Hà. Đánh giá rủi ro của chất chống cháy tributyl phosphate (TBP) đối với hệ sinh thái trong một số hồ tại Hà Nội, Việt Nam. 2023. Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ, Trường Đại học Công nghiệp Hà Nội, Tập 59 (1) trang 116-120. [11]. Trịnh Thu Hà, Đinh Thị Cúc, Đoàn Hà Phương, Nguyễn Thị Tâm, Nguyễn Thị Hạnh, Nguyễn Thị Thu Phương, Dương Thị Hạnh. Xác định chất chống cháy tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) và tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) trong vải rèm polyester. 2023. Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ, Trường Đại học Công nghiệp Hà Nội, Tập 59 (6A), trang 98-102. [12]. Trinh Thu Ha, Truong Anh Dung, Nguyen Khanh Linh, Nguyen Thi Thu Phuong, Duong Thanh Anh, Nguyen Viet Toan, Nguyen Quynh Hoa, Tran Thi Thu Lan, Duong Thi Hanh. Levels and human health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor dust in Hanoi, Vietnam. 2023. Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ, Đại học Công nghiệp Hà Nội. Tập 59 (6B), trang 109-115. c) Conference: [1]. Nhung Hac Thi, Truong Cong Doanh, Hoang Van Toan, Doan Tien Dat, Ho Thi Oanh, Nguyen Duc Tuyen, Quang Vinh Tran, Mai Ha Hoang, Synergistic Effect of Melamine Cyanurate, Magnesium Hydroxide, and Red Phosphorus on the Fire Resistance of the Intumescent Flame-Retardant Polypropylene Composite, International Scientific Conference on Current Prospects and Challenges in Chemistry (PCC2023). d) Textbook/Reference book [1]. Nguyen Ngoc Tung, Nguyen Quang Trung,Textbook “Plastics and fire: The system of regulations and standards related to fire prevention and post-fire remedies”. [2]. Lê Trường Giang, Trịnh Thu Hà (cb), Dương Thị Hạnh, Hoàng Thị Tuệ Minh, Trương Anh Dũng, Trần Thị Thu Lan, Hoàng Mai Hà. Chất chống cháy cơ phốt pho trong môi trường. Sách tham khảo, Nhà Xuất bản Khoa học Tự nhiên và Công nghệ, ISBN: 978-604-357-228-5. (2023) Intellectual property a, Patents: [1]. Derivatives of DOPO and epoxy-based flame retardant composites comprising such derivatives. Application number 1-2023-07845. Decision on accepting valid application No. 3341/QĐ-SHTT.IP dated January 12, 2024. [2]. The manufacturing process of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber with improved flame resistance and mechanical properties. Registration number: 2-2022-00465. The application has been accepted as valid (Decision No. 109020/QĐ-SHTT, issued on November 29, 2023, by the Intellectual Property Office). b, Utility Solution: [1]. The process for producing gel materials to prevent and extinguish fires, and the gel materials obtained from this method, has been accepted as a valid application according to decision number 39587/QĐ-SHTT.IP dated June 7, 2023. [2]. Utility Solution patent filing related to the research content of the project, for which the National Office of Intellectual Property of Vietnam has offically granted the respective Utility Solution Patent No. 3745 in accordance to the decision 107411/QĐ-SHTT dated 12/09/2024. Technological products (describe in details: technical characteristics, place): [1]. 10 kg of SAPNB was produced for preparing VH-GEL01 fire-extinguishing gel and testing purposes, with 2 kg remaining. [2]. 10 kg of TS-AA-AMPS/APP was produced for preparing VH-GEL02 fire-extinguishing gel and testing purposes, with 2 kg remaining. [3]. 200 liters of water-based fire-extinguishing gel, labeled as VH-GEL01. [4]. 200 liters of water-based fire-extinguishing gel, labeled as VH-GEL02. [5]. 100 liters of SAPHP01 suspension for preparing VH-GEL01, labeled as VH-SAPHP01, containing an SAPNB equivalent of 30 kg. [6]. 70 liters of SAPHP02 suspension for preparing VH-GEL02, labeled as VH-SAPHP02, containing TS-AA-AMPS/APP equivalent to 22.4 kg.All products are stored in sealed containers and kept at the Institute of Chemistry. [7]. 02 kg of cellulose-based fire-resistant fibers treated with chemical additives. [8]. 02 kg of cellulose-based fire-resistant fibers treated with nano additives. [9]. 5 m2 of cellulose-based fire-resistant textile fabricated from cellulose-based fire-resistant fibers treated with chemical additives. [10]. 5 m2 of cellulose-based fire-resistant textile fabricated from cellulose-based fire-resistant fibers treated with nano additives. [11]. 10 sets of fire-resistant clothing fabricated from cellulose-based fire-resistant fibers [12]. 24FO fiber optic splice closures: 140 pieces [13]. Electrical insulation boards: 200 pieces [14]. The additives used for manufacturing fire-resistant composites: 15 kg of additives used for manufacturing fire-resistant composites (MH+RP)cast with the following technical characteristics: Particle size: +100 mesh; Magnesium hydroxide content: 58.2 wt%; Red phosphorus content: 38.8 wt%; Calcium stearate content: 3.0 wt%; 10 kg of additives used for manufacturing fire-resistant composites APP@PEI with the following technical characteristics: Particle size: +100 mesh; Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) content: 93,2 wt%; Polyethyleneimine (PEI) content: 6,8 wt% [15]. 15 kg of thermally expandable graphite with the following technical characteristics:Particle size: +100 mesh; Expansion ratio: 240 mL/g; pH: 6.8. [16]. 30 m² of fire-resistant thermal insulation roofing sheets based on polyurethane with the following technical characteristics: Fire resistance according to UL-94: V-0; Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI): 28.2%; Density: 45.1%; Thermal conductivity: 0.026 Kcal/m.h.oC (ST) Compressive strength: 0.312 MPa. [17]. 22 m² of fire-resistant thermoplastic sheets based on polypropylene with the following technical characteristics: Fire resistance according to UL-94: V-0; Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI): 27.2%; Impact strength: 20.16 KJ/m²; Flexural strength: 29.55 MPa; Tensile strength: 22.95 MPa. [18]. 21 m² of fire-resistant rubber sheets based on ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber with the following technical characteristics: Fire resistance according to UL-94: V-0; Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI): 44.3%; Tensile strength: 7.52 MPa; Elongation at break: 311.5 %; Shore A hardness: ≥ 87. Other products [1]. 04 technical processes for manufacturing 02 fire-extinguishing gels and 02 pilot-scale fire-extinguishing gel products. [2]. 03 technical processes for manufacturing flame resistance cellulose fibers and textiles, along with 01 technical standard for the manufactured flame resistance cellulose fibers and textiles. [3]. A process for manufacturing flame-retardant ABS-based nanocomposite materials based MB40FRABS has been developed at a scale of 50 kg/batch. [4]. A process for manufacturing flame-retardant PE-based nanocomposite materials MB40FRHDPE has been developed at a scale of 50 kg/batch. [5]. A technological process for manufacturing 24FO fiber optic splice closures from flame-retardant ABS-based nanocomposite has been developed. [6]. A technological process for manufacturing electrical insulation boards from flame- retardant PE-based nanocomposite has been developed. [7]. A technology process for manufacturing fire-resistant thermal insulation roofing sheets with a scale of 30 m² per batch. [8]. A technology process for manufacturing fire-resistant thermoplastic sheets with a scale of 20 m² per batch. [9]. A technology process for manufacturing fire-resistant rubber sheets with a scale of 20 m² per batch. [10]. A procedure has been developed to analyze 5 new brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) in indoor dust samples. [11]. A procedure has been developed to analyze 14 phosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in indoor dust samples. [12]. A procedure has been developed to analyze 05 new brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) in water samples. [13]. A procedure has been developed to analyze 06 phosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in water samples. [14]. A procedure has been developed to analyze 06 phosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in upholstered furniture foam samples. [15]. A procedure has been developed to analyze 06 phosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in fabric samples of upholstered furniture. [16]. 01 data set on types and concentrations of flame retardants in indoor dust in urban Hanoi, Vietnam. [17]. 01 data set on types of flame retardants and concentration levels in water in urban areas of Vietnam. Postgraduate Education: [1]. The project successfully trained one Master's degree graduate in Analytical Chemistry, awarded the degree with certificate number THS.00665 in Thai Nguyen on September 11, 2023. [2]. The project developed one technical standard for fire-extinguishing gel products. [3]. The project successfully established a pilot-scale production process for two fire-extinguishing gels. [4]. The project successfully developed a pilot-scale preparation process for two fire-extinguishing gel formulations. [5]. 01 postgraduate student that was assisted by the project in their education, who offically received a Master degree on 08/08/2023. [6]. Master Ha Ngoc Linh has successfully defended his thesis and received a master's degree in analytical chemistry. The degree with registration number THS. 00664 was issued by President of Thai Nguyen University of Science on September 11, 2023, recorded in certificate book DTZ/THS/2023/0240. The thesis title is “Analysis of the chemical structure of some flame retardant DOPO compounds using modern analytical methods”. [7]. Nguyễn Thị Hạnh, awarded a Ph.D. degree, Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology. [8]. Hắc Thị Nhung, currently a second-year Ph.D. candidate, Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology. [9]. Trương Công Doanh, currently a third-year Ph.D. candidate, Hanoi University of Industry. [10]. PhD. Hoang Thi Tue Minh recognized PhD (pending degree), Graduate University of Sciences and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology. [11]. MSc. Nguyen Van Hao received a master's degree, Graduate University of Sciences and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology. [12]. MSc. Ha Thi Hong received a master's degree, Graduate University of Sciences and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology. [13]. MSc. Nguyen Thi Thanh Nga received a master's degree, Graduate University of Sciences and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology. [14]. MSc. Nguyen Thi Tam has defended his master's thesis and is waiting to receive her degree, Graduate University of Sciences and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology. [15]. MSc. Bui Minh Thuy has defended his master's thesis and is waiting to receive her degree, Graduate University of Sciences and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology.
Recommendations	After the implementation of the project, we would like to propose the following recommendations: 1. Research on the development of fire-extinguishing and fire-resistant materials and products is a scientifically significant direction with great potential for practical application. This research direction meets the growing societal demand for fire-resistant products. Therefore, we respectfully propose that the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology prioritize and develop this direction into one of its key research strengths. 2. As the use of fire-resistant products becomes increasingly common and a mandatory requirement in construction, the overuse of toxic fire retardants poses risks of environmental pollution and adverse effects on human health. Therefore, research on developing environmentally friendly fire-resistant materials and products, as pursued in this project, should continue to be studied, developed, and applied in real-life production and daily activities. 3. The procedures established by the project can be applied to analyze and identify fire retardants in environmental samples, household materials, and biological samples in our country. Furthermore, it is necessary to continue developing analytical procedures for different groups of materials, such as construction materials, to control the use of fire retardants. This effort will contribute to the development of standards for fire-retardant substances used in these materials, ensuring public health and ecosystem safety.
Images of project